science term 2 Flashcards
What is sedimentation
Sedimentation is a method of separating substances
from a liquid. In this process the insoluble substance, which is the substance that does not dissolve in the liquid is allowed to settle at the bottom of the liquid, and separating the clear component of the liquid.
What is decantation
This is the process of pouring out the clear liquid left at the top after sedimentation is termed as decantation. The sediment at the bottom ( eg the sand ) is not touched
sieving
Sieving separates solids of different sizes ( like rocks and sand )
Filtering
Filtering separates solids from liquids. You can use filter paper for this
solution
where one mixture mixes into another
solute
The stuff that dissolves ( eg sugar into water ) is called the solute
Insolube solutions
If it dissolves into a solution its soluble if not it insoluble
dilute solution is
A solution with not enough solute ( not enough milo )
concentrated solution
A solution with lots of solute ( the perfect milo )
saturated solution
A solution with too much solute ( too much milo )
colliod
where an insoluble liquid neither settle nor floats but the particiles remain spread out in the liquid
Suspension
if the solid altoghether seperates from the liqud it is called suspension. ( like oil and water )
crystallisation
when you evaporate the solvent and leave behing the solute
centrifuging
Centrifuging separates light and heavy particles by spinning a mixture, usually
inside a test tube. The spinning motion causes the heavier particles to move to
the bottom of the tube.
JUST READ THIS TO ME:
Centrifuging separates light and heavy particles by spinning a mixture, usually
inside a test tube. The spinning motion causes the heavier particles to move to
the bottom of the tube.
so cool
distilliation
when the solvent evaporates, condenses and then comes out and clear water ( like the acohol coming out of the wine )
chromatography
chromotograpghy is the technique used for seperating mixtures based on their solubility
READ THIS TO ME:
As the solvent moves up the paper, it dissolves the components and moves them up the paper. The more soluble a component is, the further up the paper it moves.
so cool
Physical property used in filteration
particle size
Physical property used in. sedimantation and decantation
density
Physical property used in centrifuging
density or mass
Physical property used in crystallisation
boiling point
Physical property used in distilliation
boiling point
Physical property used in chromatography
solubility
Can averages be decimals
no
SHOW THAT YOU HAVE CROSSED OUT ANOMALIES
so cool
Independent variable is on the..
x axis
dependent variable is on the..
y axis
Movement in solid, liqud and gas
SOlid is vibration, liqud is slow diffusion and gas is fast diffusion
Diffusion is
high concentration particles moving to low concentration
attractive forces solid, liqud and gas
solid is stongest, liqud weaker gas weakest
JUST READ TO ME
Solid has low energy and the highest kenetic energy and liqud and high
so cool
volume solid, liqud and gas
slid is fixed, liqud fixed, gas not fixed
shape solid, liqud and gas
solid fixed, take up shape and gas take up shape
the process of a solid turning into a gas
sublimation
the hotter a substance is..
the faster the particles move
for a solid to melt to a liqud it neeeds to
reach its melting point, get enough energy to overcome attractive forces, the particles will move faster and further apart.
to convert grams to kg you
divide by 1000
to covert kg to g you
times by 1000
to calculate density you
divide mass by volume
to find out the mass you
times density by volume
density is
amount of mass in a set volume of a substance
READ TO ME
Insoluble stuff are colliods and suspension
if there is a. flat section in the graph that means it either the
melting or boiling point
the stuff that stays inside the filter paper is…
residue
the stuff that gets filtered by the filter paper is the
filtarate
independent variable is..
the one you deliberately change at the start
dependent variable is
the one that you measure
ontrolled variable is..
the one that you keep the same
homogenous mixture
a mixture when you can barely tell which element is which
hetergenous mixture
a mixture with the elements clearly stated
to distilliate you need what type of flask
a distiation flask
