Sciencestudyjmss Flashcards
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
Controls cell activities.
What is the role of mitochondria?
Known as the powerhouse of the cell, they provide energy through cellular respiration.
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and have a simpler structure, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and complex organelles.
What is mitosis used for?
Growth and repair of tissues.
What is osmosis?
The movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower to higher concentration.
What is the main function of the circulatory system?
To transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste throughout the body.
Where does gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?
In the alveoli of the lungs.
What is the role of the digestive system?
To break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste.
What is a producer in a food chain?
An organism, typically a plant, that produces its own food through photosynthesis.
What is the carbon cycle?
The process by which carbon is exchanged among the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms.
What is DNA’s structure?
A double helix made up of nucleotides with base pairs A-T and C-G.
What is natural selection?
The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce.
What are the three subatomic particles?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
A compound is formed when two or more elements chemically bond, while a mixture is a combination of substances that retain their individual properties.
What is combustion?
A chemical reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of heat and light.
What is the pH scale used for?
To measure the acidity or basicity of a solution.
What is the difference between a solid, liquid, and gas?
Solids have a fixed shape, liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container, and gases have neither a fixed shape nor volume.
What is Newton’s First Law?
An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force (inertia).
What is the formula for force?
F = ma (Force equals mass times acceleration).
What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, while potential energy is stored energy.
What is the law of conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
What is an electric circuit?
A closed loop that allows the flow of electric current.
What is the rock cycle?
The process by which rocks change from one type to another (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic).
What is plate tectonics?
The theory that Earth’s lithosphere is divided into plates that move over the asthenosphere, causing earthquakes and volcanoes.
What is the Big Bang Theory?
The theory that the universe began as a singularity and has been expanding ever since.
What are the stages in the life cycle of a star?
Nebula, protostar, main sequence star, red giant, and white dwarf or supernova.
