science-electricity Flashcards
What are the three subatomic particles in an atom?
Protons (positive), Neutrons (neutral), and Electrons (negative).
What happens when an object gains electrons?
It becomes negatively charged.
What happens when an object loses electrons?
It becomes positively charged.
What happens when two objects have the same charge?
They repel each other.
What happens when two objects have opposite charges?
They attract each other.
What is the difference between static electricity and current electricity?
Static electricity is the buildup of charges on an object, while current electricity is the flow of electrons through a conductor.
Name three essential components of an electric circuit.
Power source (e.g., battery), conducting wires, and a load (e.g., light bulb).
What does a long line and a short line represent in a battery symbol?
The long line represents the positive terminal, and the short line represents the negative terminal.
Why are metals good conductors of electricity?
They have free electrons that move easily.
Give two examples of electrical insulators.
Rubber and plastic.
What happens to the brightness of bulbs in a series circuit when more bulbs are added?
The brightness decreases because the voltage is shared.
What happens if one bulb burns out in a series circuit?
All bulbs go out because the circuit is broken.
What happens to the brightness of bulbs in a parallel circuit when more bulbs are added?
The brightness remains the same because each bulb gets full voltage.
What happens if one bulb burns out in a parallel circuit?
The other bulbs stay on because each has its own path.
What is current?
The flow of electric charge.
What is voltage?
The electrical potential difference between two points.
What is resistance?
The opposition to the flow of current.
What unit is used to measure current?
Amperes (A).
What unit is used to measure voltage?
Volts (V).
What unit is used to measure resistance?
Ohms (Ω).
What is the formula for Ohm’s Law?
V = I × R (Voltage = Current × Resistance)
If a circuit has a voltage of 12V and a resistance of 4Ω, what is the current?
I = V / R = 12V / 4Ω = 3A.
How is an ammeter connected in a circuit?
In series with the circuit.
How is a voltmeter connected in a circuit?
In parallel across the component being measured.
