Science water cycle

Question 1

What is water?

Answer 1

Water is a colourless, tasteless, odourless solvent made from 1 oxygen and 2 hydrogen atoms (the outer ring of a hydrogen atom is a valence shell). Without it, all living things would die.

Question 2

What are solids in water?

Answer 2

Solids - The particles have a very strong attraction, vibrate in place and are neatly packed together. Solid water can be found as ice, snow and glaciers

Question 3

What are liquids in water?

Answer 3

Liquids - The particles have a moderate attraction, and move around but less than a gas. Liquid water can be found in oceans, lakes, rivers, streams and as rain.

Question 4

What are gasses in water?

Answer 4

Gasses - The particles have a weak attraction, and move around fast in all directions. Gas water (water vapour) can be found as the air in the atmosphere all around us.

Question 5

What are the states of the water cycle?

Answer 5

Evaporation
Melting
Sublimation
Deposition
Freezing
Condensation

Question 6

What is evaporation?

Answer 6

Liquid to Gas, heat energy is added to make this change of state possible

Question 7

What is melting?

Answer 7

Solid to Liquid, heat energy is added to make this change of state possible

Question 8

What is sublimation?

Answer 8

Solid to Gas, heat energy is added to make this change of state possible

Question 9

What is deposition?

Answer 9

Gas to Solid, heat energy is taken away to make this change of state possible

Question 10

What is freezing?

Answer 10

Liquid to Solid, heat energy is taken away to make this change of state possible

Question 11

What is condensation?

Answer 11

Gas to Liquid, heat energy is taken away to make this change of state possible

Question 12

What is the water cycle?

Answer 12

The water cycle is a continuous natural pattern in which water moves as it changes state.

Question 13

What are the steps of the water treatment process?

Answer 13

Intake - There is a metal screen at the start/end of a pipe that acts as a strainer to remove large objects and only allows water to pass into the pipes.

Addition of chemicals - A chemical called alum is added to the water which creates sticky clumps called floc. The floc attracts most waste still floating in the water.

Sedimentation - The mixture of floc and water enters a settling tank where the floc sinks/settles to the bottom.

Filtration - The water from the top of the setting tank goes into a sand and charcoal filter to remove small solids and excess floc that didn’t settle. The water should now be clear, colourless, and odourless.

Disinfection - Now, chlorine and Ozone can be added to kill microorganisms and bacteria.

Storage - It is now ready and is put in a container to be stored.

Question 13

What are the steps of the water treatment process?

Answer 13

Intake - There is a metal screen at the start/end of a pipe that acts as a strainer to remove large objects and only allows water to pass into the pipes.

Addition of chemicals - A chemical called alum is added to the water which creates sticky clumps called floc. The floc attracts most waste still floating in the water.

Sedimentation - The mixture of floc and water enters a settling tank where the floc sinks/settles to the bottom.

Filtration - The water from the top of the setting tank goes into a sand and charcoal filter to remove small solids and excess floc that didn’t settle. The water should now be clear, colourless, and odourless.

Disinfection - Now, chlorine and Ozone can be added to kill microorganisms and bacteria.

Storage - It is now ready and is put in a container to be stored.

Question 14

What are 2 other ways water can be treated?

Answer 14

Reverse osmosis - It is a process where unfiltered water is filtered through a membrane which acts as a strainer and only allows water to exit. The other substances are trapped and removed.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation - It is used to destroy viruses and microorganisms like bacteria in dirty water.

Question 15

What is sustainability?

Answer 15

Sustainability means acting in a way that protects resources to make sure they are available for the future.

Question 16

How do water plants and animals survive through winter without being frozen?

Answer 16

They can survive because ice is slightly less dense than water and only the top layer of water freezes, this means that the ice will float on top of the water. This allows plants and animals under the top layer to survive.

Question 17

Bedrock

Answer 17

It is the hard, solid rock underground, it is solid and compact making it hard for things like water to get through.

Question 18

Aquifer

Answer 18

It is an area of loose rock or soil that is saturated with groundwater.

Question 19

Water table

Answer 19

It is the upper layer of an aquifer.

Question 20

Groundwater

Answer 20

It is any water under the earth’s surface. It seeps through soil and cracks in rocks until it can’t flow any further (bedrock). The water spreads out until it fills the available spaces and makes the area saturated, this space is called an aquifer.

Question 21

Surface water

Answer 21

It is any water on the surface of the earth.

Question 22

Runoff

Answer 22

It is water that flows downhill over the earth’s surface. This water comes from precipitation and snowmelt.

Question 23

Polar ice sheets

Answer 23

They are frozen fields of ice covering either the north or south pole.

Question 24

Ice caps

Answer 24

They are large areas of ice that permanently cover the land.

Question 25

Glaciers

Answer 25

They are rivers of ice, formed from accumulated snow that moves slowly downhill.

Question 26

What is the Citarum River and what is it used for?

Answer 26

It is the longest and largest river in Java, Indonesia, and Bali. People from these places use its water for fishing, agriculture, washing clothes and dishes, showering and more.

Question 27

What chemicals can be found in the Citarum River?

Answer 27

Sulphate, lead, dyes, cadmium, arsenic, chlorides and more can be found in this river.

Question 28

What are some health effects of this river’s water?

Answer 28

The river has been polluted with many chemicals and objects which has made the river water unusable for people who need it. Some health effects from this are damage to your nervous system, developing disabilities, increased chances of cancer, lead poisoning, diarrhea, vomiting/nausea, reproductive issues, headaches, liver issues and death.

Question 29

What is the main source of pollution in the Citarum River?

Answer 29

Textile industries.