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Science > Science Vocab Unit electricity > Flashcards

Science Vocab Unit electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

Static electricity

A

The result of an imbalance between negative and positive charges in an object.

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2
Q

Proton

A

positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom

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3
Q

Electron

A

Negatively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom

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4
Q

Neutral

A

An object that has equal amounts of positive and negative charges.

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5
Q

Charge separation

A

When electrons get excited; When a charged object approaches, it turns these neutrons positively charged.

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6
Q

Electrical discharge

A

Sudden transfer of electrical charge from one object to another.

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7
Q

Van De Graff Generator

A

An electrostatic generator that uses friction to accumulate and create electricity.

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8
Q

Fuses

A

Thin piece of metal that melts to break an electrical circuit when excess current flow occurs.

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9
Q

Circuit breakers

A

Special wire that heats up and turns off switch when excess current flows through an electrical circuit.

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10
Q

Electrical breakers

A

Electrical current steady flow of charged particles.

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11
Q

Circuit

A

Complete path that charged particles flow through

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12
Q

Amperes (A)

A

A unit of electrical current

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13
Q

Conductors

A

A material that electric charge can move through easily.

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14
Q

Load

A

A device in a circuit that converts electrical energy to another form of energy.

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15
Q

voltage/potential difference

A

External work needed to bring a charge from one location in an electric field

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16
Q

volt (V)

A

The unit of voltage

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17
Q

Voltmeter

A

Instrument for measuring electric potential in volts

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18
Q

insulators

A

substance that strongly resists the flow of electricity

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19
Q

Electrochemical cell

A

Package of chemicals designed to produce small amounts of electricity

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20
Q

Dry cell

A

Cell that has its electrolyte in the form of a paste, usually in a sealed case

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21
Q

Electrolyte

A

Liquid or paste that conducts electricity because it contains ions.

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22
Q

Electrodes

A

Conductor through which electric current enters or leaves a device or material

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23
Q

Wet cells

A

Electrochemical primary cell having a liquid electrolyte

24
Q

Primary cells

A

Cell that produces electricity by means of a chemical reaction that cannot be reversed

25
Q

Secondary cell

A

Rechargeable cell

26
Q

Battery

A

Set of cells connected together

27
Q

Electrochemistry

A

Study of chemical reactions involving electricity

28
Q

Electrolysis

A

Decomposition of a substance by an electric current

29
Q

Electroplating

A

Use of electricity to coat a thin layer of metal onto an object

30
Q

Resistor

A

Device having resistance to the passage of electrical current often used to control current on a circuit

31
Q

Resistance

A

Measure of how difficult it is for electrons to flow through a substance

32
Q

Ohms

A

The unit of resistance

33
Q

Variable resistor/rheostat

A

Rheostat is a variable resistor which is used to control current

34
Q

Ohms law

A

Law stating that as long as the temperature remains constant, the resistance of a conductor remains constant and the current is directly proportional to the voltage applied

35
Q

Voltage drop

A

Voltage across resistor or other device in a circuit

36
Q

Millivoltmeters

A

Instrument used to measure small voltages

37
Q

Ammeters

A

Meter used to measure electrical current in amperes

38
Q

Galvanometer

A

Device for detecting and measuring small electric currents

39
Q

Multimeter

A

Meter that can measure voltage, current, or resistance in a circuit

40
Q

Series circuit

A

Circuit which there is only a single pathway for the current so the same current passes through all the components

41
Q

Parallel circuit

A

Circuit in which the current can flow in two or more paths

42
Q

Transistors

A

Device usually with 3 layers arranged such that a small voltage through the middle layer controls a current between the other layers, allowing the device to act as a switch or amplifier

43
Q

Microcircuits

A

Circuit made up of miniaturized components, especially an integrated circuit

44
Q

Chemical energy

A

Energy stored in chemicals and released when chemicals react

45
Q

Electrical energy

A

Energy of charged particles

46
Q

Mechanical energy

A

Energy possessed by an object because if it’s motion or it’s potential to move

47
Q

Thermal energy

A

Total kinetic energy of all the particles in a substance

48
Q

Thermocouple

A

Device consisting of two wires of different metals joined such that a voltage is produced between the ends in proportion to the difference in their temperatures

49
Q

Transformers

A

Device that changes electricity at one voltage into electricity at a different voltage

50
Q

Electromagnet

A

Coil of insulated wire that becomes a magnet when current flows through it

51
Q

Electromagnetic induction

A

Generation of electric current in a conductor by changing magnetic field

52
Q

Power

A

Rate at which device converts energy

53
Q

Watt

A

The unit of power, equal to one joule per second

54
Q

Kilowatt hour

A

Commonly used unit of electrical energy, equal to a power consumption of 100w for one hour

55
Q

Law conservation of matter

A

Fundamental principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed

56
Q

Geothermal energy

A

Energy from the internal heat if the earth

57
Q

Biomass

A

Organic matter ex food scraps converted into energy source

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