Science Unit test Grade 10 Flashcards
What are the 5 rules of particle theory (Grade 9 review)
1) All matter is made up of tiny particles
2) Particles are always in motion
3) particles of matter attract each other
4) Particles must have space between them
5) When temperature increases they move faster
What are the 3 parts of an atom (Grade 9 review)
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
What are protons
Protons are a subatomic particles with a positive charge (P+)
What are neutrons
Neutrons are subatomic particles with no charge (n)
What are electrons
Electrons are subatomic particles with negative charge (E-)
What are the 3 different things on every element
Atomic Number (Z)
Atomic mass (Amu)
Element symbol
What are the different element families
Family IA-Alkali metals
Family IIA-Alkali earth-metals
Family V- The nitrogen family
Family VIA: The oxygen family
Family VIIA: The Halogens
What are ions and how are they formed?
Ions are formed when an atom loses or gains an electron
Can be either positive or negative
What are cations and how are they formed?
When forming compounds, some atoms can lose electrons. These are called cations
What are anions?
They are indicated by a negative signal
Have more electrons than protons
What is the Octet rule
Elements like to have 8 electrons in the last shell (Valence shell). This is where they have the highest stability
What are Ionic compounds
Ionic compounds are compounds that are always metal.
Ionic compounds are conductors if mixed in water
Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points
Poly-atomic Ions
Ions made up of two or more atoms
Positively or negatively charged. Behaves like “regular” ions.
What happens when Forming Ionic compounds
Atoms in Ionic compounds have both positive and negative charges.
Ionic = Metal+Non-metal
Covalent = Non-metal+Non-metal
What are covalent compounds?
When atoms share electrons, they can form a more diverse range of compounds, Metals never share their electrons
