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science unit test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

base

a chem that produces a basic substance, h a ph v o m t 7

A

a chemical that produces a basic substance, having a pH value of more than 7

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2
Q

catalyst

A

a substance that speeds up chemical reactions but are not in them

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3
Q

caustic

A

an agent that burns or destroys living tissue

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4
Q

chemical change

A

a change where one or more new chemical substances are formed

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5
Q

chemical family

A

groups of elements that have similar properties

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6
Q

chemical property

A

a characteristic of matter that describes how it reacts when undergoing a chemical change (e.g., reaction of a substance with electricity)

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7
Q

chemical reaction

A

two or more substances have a reorganization and form new substances

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8
Q

chronic toxicity

A

the ability of a chemical to cause harm to an organism only after the chemical has been exposed to the organism repeatedly or for a long time

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9
Q

colloids

A

heterogeneous mixtures made up of fine particles evenly distributed throughout

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10
Q

combustion

A

the highly exothermic combination of a substance with oxygen; requires heat, oxygen, and fuel

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11
Q

corrosion

c

A

a process where metals or stone are chemically broken down

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12
Q

Dalton’s atomic theory

A

states that: The first part of his theory states that all matter is made of atoms, which are indivisible.
The second part of the theory says all atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties.
The third part says compounds are combinations of two or more different types of atoms.
The fourth part of the theory states that a chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms.

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13
Q

density

A

amount of matter that occupies a certain space; the mass per unit volume of a substance

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14
Q

diatomic molecules

A

molecules made of two atoms of the same element\

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15
Q

electrons

A

negatively charged particles

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16
Q

element

A

a pure substance made up of one type of particle, cannot be broken down into simpler substances by means of a chemical change

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17
Q

element symbols

A

one or more letters used to represent the name of a substance (e.g., O is the symbol for oxygen)

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18
Q

emulsions

A

types of colloids in which liquids are dispersed in liquids

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19
Q

endothermic reaction

A

a chemical reaction in which heat energy is taken in from the surroundings

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20
Q

experiment

A

an activity or procedure designed to test a hypothesis

21
Q

exothermic

A

a chemical reaction in which heat energy is released to the surroundings

22
Q

gas

A

the state of matter in which a substance has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume (e.g., water vapour)

23
Q

hazardous

A

containing substances that are poisonous, corrosive, flammable, or explosive

24
Q

heterogeneous mixture

A

a mixture in which the particles are not uniformly scattered; does not have a uniform composition

25
Q

homogeneous mixture

A

a mixture in which particles are uniformly scattered; has a uniform composition

26
Q

hypothesis

A

a statement of a proposed relationship, based on background information or an observed pattern of events, and stated in a way that makes it testable.

27
Q

indicator

A

a chemical that changes colour to indicate whether a substance is an acid or a base

28
Q

ionic compound

A

formed when atoms transfer electrons to or from other atoms

29
Q

law of conservation of mass

A

in a chemical change, the total mass of the new substances is always the same as the total mass of the original substances

30
Q

law of definite composition

A

compounds are pure substances that contain two or more elements combined together in definite proportions

31
Q

liquid

A

the state of matter in which a substance has a definite volume, but no definite shape (e.g., water)

32
Q

manipulated variable

A

in an experiment, a factor that is selected or adjusted to see what effect the change will have on the responding variable

33
Q

mass

A

the amount of matter in a substance

34
Q

mass number

A

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

35
Q

melting

A

the process of changing from solid to liquid

36
Q

melting point

A

the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid

37
Q

metalloids

A

elements with properties in between metals and nonmetals

38
Q

mixture

A

a combination of two or more pure substances such that each one’s properties are not lost, but may be hidden

39
Q

molecular compound

A

formed when atoms share electrons

40
Q

molecule

A

smallest independent unit of a pure substance, generally a cluster of atoms joined together

41
Q

particle model of matter

A

a scientific model of the structure of matter; one part of this theory states that all matter is made up of extremely small particles

42
Q

pH paper

A

paper saturated with a chemical to show whether a substance is acidic or basic

43
Q

pH scale

A

a scale that measures the acidity or alkalinity of a substance

44
Q

physical change

A

change in form but not in chemical composition; no new substances are formed

45
Q

products

A

the substances produced by a chemical reaction

46
Q

properties

A

characteristics that describe matter

47
Q

atomic nucleus

the centre of the atom; contains the protons and neutrons

A
48
Q

atomic number

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

A
49
Q

its time for bed

A

i hate science

science (11 decks)

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