Science Unit A Test Flashcards
What is the difference between biotic and abiotic things?
Biotic is LIVING
Abiotic is NOT ALIVE and dead
What is the definition of a species?
Organisms that have a similar structure, and can reproduce with each other
What is the definition of a population?
A group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area, and use the same resources
What do the terms community and ecosystem mean, and how do they differ from each other?
Community- Different populations in an area co-existing (ONLY BIOTIC)
Ecosystem- An environment where both biotic things interact with abiotic things (BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC)
How is an organism’s scientific name written?
It’s written with the genus (which is capitalized), and then species name (which is not capitalized)
Ex. Homo sapien
What are the 8 levels of classification of any organism in order?
- Kingdoms
- Phyla
- Subphyla
- Classes
- Orders
- Families
- Genera
- Species
Who was responsible for creating the classification system of an organism?
Carolus Linnaeus
Are organisms more related by their genus name, or by their species name?
Genus name
Where is diversity greatest on land? Why?
Diversity is greatest in TROPICAL regions and near the EQUATOR. This is because of the WARMER and damper environment
Where is diversity greatest in water? Why?
Diversity is greatest in CORAL REEFS, because of the WARMER water. Considered the “AMAZONS OF THE OCEANS”
What do the terms mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism mean? What are they all examples of?
MUTUALISM is when both organisms benefit
PARASITISM is when one organism is benefitted, and the other is harmed
COMMENSALISM is when one organism is benefitted, and the other is not harmed, nor benefitted
They are all the forms of SYMBIOSIS
What is interspecies competiton? Why is it bad? Why is it good?
Interspecies competition is when two or more species need the same resource. It is bad because it limits the size of the competing species, and both are organisms are NEGATIVELY IMPACTED
Interspecies competition is good because it allows the BEST TRAITS to be passed on
What is resource partitioning? How does it affect interspecies competition?
Resource partitioning is the DIVISION OF A RESOURCE among 2 or more co-existing species because the niche of the organism varies
Resource partitioning LESSENS interspecies competition
What is the role of an organism in its environment called?
Niche
What is natural and artificial selection? How do they differ, with examples?
Natural selection is when NATURE decides which organisms live long enough to reproduce
Ex. A cold snap killing off half a bird colony
Artificial selection is when HUMANS breed plants and animals for desired traits
Ex. Humans domesticating modern corn
Why is variation among a species important?
Allows the species to more likely survive ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
What is the difference between heritable and non-heritable characteristics, with examples?
Heritable is INHERITED from parent to offspring
Ex. Eye color, blood type
Non-heritable is NOT INHERITED
Ex. Athleticism, ability to play an instrument
What is the difference between discrete and continuous heritable characteristics? What would height, eye color, blood type, skin color, albino each be considered?
Discrete- Only so many variations (DEFINITE)
Ex. eye color, blood type, albino
Continuous- A range of possible variation
Ex. height, skin color
An example of the environment affecting variation would be…
A plant with a lot of sun will grow green and leafy, whereas one without sun would grow pale and tall, looking for sunlight
Or height, a heritable characteristic, can be affected by our diet (environment)
Is variation caused by interactions with the environment heritable?
No
What does the expression of a trait/variation depend on?
GENETICS/ deoxyribonucleic acid, or the passing down of traits from parent to offspring/ reproduction
What are some examples of types of variation with 2 possible outcomes?
Ear lobes, tongue rolling, hair-line, wrist-cords, thumb shape
What are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction?
Advantages- More VARIATION
Disadvantages- Takes a lot of TIME and ENERGY for minimal offspring
What are the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction?
Advantages- MANY IDENTICAL INDIVIDUALS quickly, with minimal time and energy input
Disadvantages- NO VARIATION, identical copies
What are the 3 types of asexual reproduction (no vegetative), with examples?
Binary fission- When an organism SPLITS into two equal individuals
Ex. amoeba, bacteria
Budding- When an organism produces a tiny bud that is connected to it, which eventually detaches, becoming its own organism
Ex. yeast, hydra
Spore production- Similar to seeds, but are produced by CELL DIVISION, and not cell union
Ex. ferns, mushrooms
What are the 4 types of vegetative reproduction (no bulbs or spores), with examples?
Runners- Strawberry and Spider plants
Suckers- Aspen trees
Tubers- Potatoes
Cuttings- Coleus plant
What are the levels of sexual reproduction in order?
Fertilization, zygote, cleavage (cell division), stem cells, embryo
What is a gamete, and what are the two types of gametes?
A gamete is a specialized cell that joins with another gamete during fertilization.
Male gamete- SPERM
Female gamete- EGG or ova
What are the parts of the plant? Which are male, and which female?
https://docs.google.com/document/d/14xcYcyrw8Zg492yg_KXwzVBrq-pVGYVyH2bu9Gyf-OQ/edit
- Stigma- female
- Style- female
- Pistil- female
- Ovary- female
- Ovule- female
- Receptacle
- Sepal
- Petal
- Stamen- male
- Filament- male
- Anther- male
- Pollen- male
Does the red fox have a variety of colours?
Yes they do
The union of two gametes is called…
Fertilization
When offspring are created by mammals, where is the offspring usually developed? If not a mammal, where is the offspring usually developed in other sexual animals?
Mammal- Offspring are usually developed in the FEMALE
Other sexual organisms- In EGGS
What do the scientists call the type of germ that becomes very resistant to Medicines?
“Super Bugs”
What part of the plant holds the eggs, and where are these located?
OVULES hold eggs, which are located in the OVARY, which is a part of the PISTIL
What is the male part of the plant called?
STAMEN, which contains the anther and filament
What is the female part of the plant called?
PISTIL, which contains the stigma, style, ovary, and ovules
What is the difference between pollination, and fertilization in plants?
Pollination- Pollen just goes and enters the stigma
Fertilization- Pollen goes and enters the stigma, travels down the style, enters the ovary, then the ovule, which causes a female gamete to join with a male gamete
How is cross-fertilization different from normal fertilization?
Cross-fertilization occurs when pollen from one plant travels to another plant and fertilizes the other plant. This creates variation in the offspring
Fertilization occurs when pollen from one plant fertilizes the same plant
How is cross-pollination different from regular pollination?
Cross-pollination occurs when pollen from one plant is carried to another plant and enters the stigma
Pollination occurs when pollen enters the stigma of the SAME PLANT
What are the five kingdoms, and what organisms are categorized in each kingdom?
Animals Plants Fungi Protista- Single-celled organisms, algae, amoeba Monera- Bacteria
In most plants where is the Embryo produced?
Inside a seed
What are the five kingdoms, and what organisms are categorized in each kingdom?
Animals Plants Fungi Protists- Single-celled organisms, algae, amoeba Monera- Bacteria
What are the Kingdoms of Monera?
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
What is an amoeba, how does it reproduce, and which kingdom is it a part of?
An amoeba is a single-celled organism. It reproduces ASEXUALLY by BINARY FISSION and is a part of the PROTISTA kingdom
