science unit 3

Question 1

What does energy do?

Answer 1

Energy provides fuel for every process, movement, and reaction that comes to mind, and also makes the things around us happen

Question 2

What is energy?

Answer 2

Energy is the property of an object or system that allows it to do work or cause a change.

Question 3

What sometimes happens when force is applied to an object?

Answer 3

it sometimes changes the object’s position.

Question 4

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 4

Kinetic energy is the energy an object has because of its motion. Any moving object will have some kinetic energy.

Question 5

What does the amount of kinetic energy depends on?

Answer 5

its speed and mass.

Question 6

What is potential energy?

Answer 6

Potential energy is the energy stored in a body.

Question 7

What does gravitational potential energy depend on?

Answer 7

Gravitational potential energy depends on the mass of the object and the distance between the object and the surface of Earth.

Question 8

What is chemical potential energy?

Answer 8

Chemical potential energy is related to the atomic structure of chemicals.

Question 9

The substances in chemical potential energy have the potential to?

Answer 9

release energy during chemical reactions.

Question 10

What is elastic potential energy?

Answer 10

energy stored as a result of applying a force to deform an elastic object.

Question 11

What is electrical energy caused by?

Answer 11

Electrical energy is caused by the flow of electrons.

Question 12

What is mechanical energy?

Answer 12

Mechanical energy is a combination of potential energy and kinetic energy.

Question 13

What is light?

Answer 13

Light is a form of energy that’s produced by the movement of photons in an atom.

Question 14

What are photons?

Answer 14

Photons are subatomic particles associated with light.

Question 15

What is sound energy?

Answer 15

sound energy is a form of energy that can be heard by living things

Question 16

What is thermal energy?

Answer 16

Thermal energy is the energy produced by a difference in temperature.

Question 17

Energy doesn’t disappear. Instead, what does it do?

Answer 17

The total amount of energy in a system remains the same, but it transforms from one form to another.

Question 18

What does The law of conservation of energy state?

Answer 18

The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of a closed system remains constant.

Question 19

What is a closed system?

Answer 19

A closed system is a system that doesn’t let any energy escape.

Question 20

What are spheres?

Answer 20

The systems that make up Earth are called spheres.

Question 21

What does the geosphere consist of?

Answer 21

The geosphere consists of all the solid rock, soil, and minerals that make up Earth

Question 22

What does the hydrosphere consist of?

Answer 22

The hydrosphere is the layer of water on or near Earth’s surface. It consists of water in its liquid, solid, and gaseous forms.

Question 23

What does the atmosphere consist of?

Answer 23

The atmosphere is the envelope of gases that surrounds Earth. It is most dense at the surface and extends hundreds of kilometers above it.

Question 24

What are the main gases that make up Earth’s atmosphere?

Answer 24

The three main gases that make up Earth’s atmosphere are nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.

Question 25

What does weathering do and how is it caused?

Answer 25

Weathering causes physical and chemical changes in an object. It is caused by wind and water breaking down an object into particles.

Question 26

What does weathering result in?

Answer 26

Weathering results in fragments, or particles

Question 27

What are the strongest agents of weathering and erosion?

Answer 27

Water, gravity, and ice

Question 28

How is gravity a prime agent of weathering?

Answer 28

It pulls down large masses of earth, water, and snow. For example, in a landslide, the forces of gravity cause loose layers of soil to travel down a slope.

Question 29

How is ice a prime agent of weathering?

Answer 29

When glaciers move, they carry rock and sediments that scrape Earth’s surface. Water that freezes in rock crevices also causes rocks to weather. This is because water expands as it freezes.

Question 30

What is mechanical weathering?

Answer 30

Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller particles.

Question 31

What is chemical weathering?

Answer 31

Chemical weathering is a change in the chemical composition of objects.

Question 32

What are canyons?

Answer 32

Canyons are deep depressions carved into a flat landscape.

Question 33

What are peaks?

Answer 33

Peaks are the pointed tops of mountains.

Question 34

How are peaks formed?

Answer 34

Peaks are formed when multiple glaciers move from a single point, eroding the earth as they go.

Question 35

What are cliffs?

Answer 35

Cliffs are vertical walls formed by the erosive action of water or ice.

Question 36

What are valleys?

Answer 36

A valley is a depression in Earth’s surface.

Question 37

What do V-Shaped Valleys resemble?

Answer 37

The letter V.

Question 38

What do U-Shaped Valleys resemble?

Answer 38

The letter U.

Question 39

What are flat-floored valleys?

Answer 39

these valleys have flatter bases than V-shaped and U-shaped valleys.