science unit 3 Flashcards
What does energy do?
Energy provides fuel for every process, movement, and reaction that comes to mind, and also makes the things around us happen
What is energy?
Energy is the property of an object or system that allows it to do work or cause a change.
What sometimes happens when force is applied to an object?
it sometimes changes the object’s position.
What is kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy is the energy an object has because of its motion. Any moving object will have some kinetic energy.
What does the amount of kinetic energy depends on?
its speed and mass.
What is potential energy?
Potential energy is the energy stored in a body.
What does gravitational potential energy depend on?
Gravitational potential energy depends on the mass of the object and the distance between the object and the surface of Earth.
What is chemical potential energy?
Chemical potential energy is related to the atomic structure of chemicals.
The substances in chemical potential energy have the potential to?
release energy during chemical reactions.
What is elastic potential energy?
energy stored as a result of applying a force to deform an elastic object.
What is electrical energy caused by?
Electrical energy is caused by the flow of electrons.
What is mechanical energy?
Mechanical energy is a combination of potential energy and kinetic energy.
What is light?
Light is a form of energy that’s produced by the movement of photons in an atom.
What are photons?
Photons are subatomic particles associated with light.
What is sound energy?
sound energy is a form of energy that can be heard by living things
What is thermal energy?
Thermal energy is the energy produced by a difference in temperature.
Energy doesn’t disappear. Instead, what does it do?
The total amount of energy in a system remains the same, but it transforms from one form to another.
What does The law of conservation of energy state?
The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of a closed system remains constant.
What is a closed system?
A closed system is a system that doesn’t let any energy escape.
What are spheres?
The systems that make up Earth are called spheres.
What does the geosphere consist of?
The geosphere consists of all the solid rock, soil, and minerals that make up Earth
What does the hydrosphere consist of?
The hydrosphere is the layer of water on or near Earth’s surface. It consists of water in its liquid, solid, and gaseous forms.
What does the atmosphere consist of?
The atmosphere is the envelope of gases that surrounds Earth. It is most dense at the surface and extends hundreds of kilometers above it.
What are the main gases that make up Earth’s atmosphere?
The three main gases that make up Earth’s atmosphere are nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.
What does weathering do and how is it caused?
Weathering causes physical and chemical changes in an object. It is caused by wind and water breaking down an object into particles.
What does weathering result in?
Weathering results in fragments, or particles
What are the strongest agents of weathering and erosion?
Water, gravity, and ice
How is gravity a prime agent of weathering?
It pulls down large masses of earth, water, and snow. For example, in a landslide, the forces of gravity cause loose layers of soil to travel down a slope.
How is ice a prime agent of weathering?
When glaciers move, they carry rock and sediments that scrape Earth’s surface. Water that freezes in rock crevices also causes rocks to weather. This is because water expands as it freezes.
What is mechanical weathering?
Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller particles.
What is chemical weathering?
Chemical weathering is a change in the chemical composition of objects.
What are canyons?
Canyons are deep depressions carved into a flat landscape.
What are peaks?
Peaks are the pointed tops of mountains.
How are peaks formed?
Peaks are formed when multiple glaciers move from a single point, eroding the earth as they go.
What are cliffs?
Cliffs are vertical walls formed by the erosive action of water or ice.
What are valleys?
A valley is a depression in Earth’s surface.
What do V-Shaped Valleys resemble?
The letter V.
What do U-Shaped Valleys resemble?
The letter U.
What are flat-floored valleys?
these valleys have flatter bases than V-shaped and U-shaped valleys.
