Science Unit 2: Succession Flashcards
DE: Succession
The gradual change in organisms that occurs when the environment changes
- Primary and Secondary Succession
DE: Pioneer Plants
The first plants to populate an area
- Lichen or mosses - Plant populations change first, then animal populations
DE: Dominant Species (Plants)
The main organisms that control a site and grow in the largest numbers, most common/popular
- Pine trees in the Pinelands
DE: Invasive Species (Plants)
A species that is not native and causes harm to either the environment, economy, or other organisms
- Kudzu vine
DE: Native Species (Plants)
A species that is naturally found in an area.
- Red Oak Trees at Dallenbach forests
DE: Non-Native Species/Alien Species (Plants)
A species that is NOT naturally found in an area. These organisms come from a different country or part of the world. (Does NOT cause harm)
- Grows outside natural areas
DE: Biodiversity
The number of different species in an area.
- The rainforest has a high biodiversity
DE: Eutrophication
When a body of water becomes overly enriched with nutrients that create excessive growth of plants and algae which then blocks sunlight.
- Nutrients that build up in a lake over time speeds up pond succession
DE: Humus
Decaying plant and animal material found in soil.
- Black in color, and found a lot in loam
Explain the difference between Primary and Secondary Succession
Primary - No soil or organisms exist, starts with lichen and mosses growing and soil formation, then goes into primary, secondary, then mature/climax stage
Secondary - soil and organisms already exist, goes into primary, secondary, then mature/climax stage
- Primary Stage - Time Frame - Examples Of DV -
- Secondary Stage - Time Frame - Examples Of DV -
- Climax - Time Frame - Examples Of DV -
0 - 20 Years ll Grasses, weeds, and wildflowers
20 - 50 Years ll Shrubs, fruit trees, and evergreen/coniferous trees
50 - 100 Years ll Ash, red oak, red maple, tulip, hardwood deciduous trees
Which arrives first: Plants or animals? Why?
Plants arrive first. Producers can go through photosynthesis to get energy and grow. Once there are plants, herbivores may start to arrive in an area since they have a food source.
Describe the difference between: Annual, biennial, and perennial plants
Annuals - plant that completes its life cycle in one year
Biennials - a plant that completes its life cycle in two years, its roots stay alive during the winter
Perennials - a plant that has a lifespan of more than two years
Define Climax Community. What factors determine a climax community? What is the climax community for Dallenbach’s?
- The group of organisms that can survive and thrive the best under the climate conditions of the area. The factors that determine a climax community are temperature, soil type, precipitation amounts and location (topography).
- In E.B. (Dallenbach’s) - deciduous, the climax community is Oak, Hickory, Beech, Sweetgum and Maple trees
- The factors that determine a climax community are temperature, soil type, precipitation amounts and location (topography)
List and describe the stages of Pond Succession
Pond, bog, swamp and land. (PEANUT BUTTER SANDWICH LUNCH)
A pond is an area of water that is surrounded by land and that is smaller than a lake.
A bog is a body of shallow water rich in accumulated plant material.
A swamp is land that is always wet and often partly covered with water.
Land is a solid part of the surface of the Earth : an area of ground.
