Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Freshman Year > SCIENCE-unit 2 > Flashcards

SCIENCE-unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is buoyancy

A

The measure of the upward force that a fluid exerts on an object that is submerged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Weight and mass are..

A

Not the same

Cannot be used interchangeably

Usually confused because heavy objects tend to have more mass than lighter objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Weight is

A

A force caused by gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mass is

A

A fundamental property of matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is it easier to lift yourself in a pool as opposed to on land?

A

Because of buoyant force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This upward force ask in a direction opposite to your weight. Also known as….

A

Buoyancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Buoyancy is the measure of upward force

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The strength of buoyant force depends on

A

Volume of an object submerged underwater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Buoyant force increases proportionally to

A

Do you volume of an object that is submerged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the formula to find force

A

F=m x a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Force is always measured in

A

Newtons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mass is always measured in

A

Kilograms

In the force equation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acceleration is always

A

9.8 m/s^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Density equals…

A

Mass in grams over volume in cubic centimeters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Seismic waves

A

Vibrations that travel through earth and are caused by events like earthquakes or human made blasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Seismologist

A

A scientist who studies earthquakes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

P-waves

A

Primary waves/longitudinal

Seismic waves that move back-and-forth, are fast, and can travel through solids or liquids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

S waves

A

Secondary waves/transverse

Seismic waves that move side to side, are slow, and can travel through only solids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Wave motion

A

The way energy is transmitted through earth

Example. Seismic waves

Series of movements through materials while the material remains in place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the four interactions of a wave

A

Reflection-The process of a wave bouncing off surfaces

Refraction-The process of a wave bending as it crosses a boundary between two materials

Diffraction-The process of a wave bending around a corner or passing through an opening

Absorption-The process of diminishing the amplitude and energy of a wave as it passes through material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is frequency?

A

How often something repeats
It is expressed in hertz

One hertz equals one cycle per second

Frequency is the inverse of a period

We used frequency to measure the speed of a cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is wavelength

A

Distance from any point of a wave to the same point on the next cycle

Can be measured from crest to crest or trough to trough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is amplitude

A

The amount that a cycle moves away from its equilibrium

Friction will slow it down causing damping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Wave motion

A

Due to spreading of the wave from where it begins

Material stays in the average place only energy moves

You need to measure how fast the wave spreads to find the speed

25
Q

How deep is the crust

A

15 km

26
Q

How deep is the upper mantle

A

410 km

27
Q

How deep is the asthenosphere

A

660 km

28
Q

How deep is the lower mantle

A

2900 km

29
Q

How deep is the outer core

A

5100 km

30
Q

How deep is the inner core

A

6400 km

31
Q

What makes up the lithosphere

A

The upper mantle and crust

32
Q

What separates the upper and lower mantle

A

The asthenosphere

33
Q

What layers are solid and which ones are liquid

A

The crust, upper mantle, asthenosphere, lower mantle, and inner core are solid

The outer core is liquid

34
Q

What is it called where S waves cannot travel through the earth

A

The shadow zone

35
Q

What is the crust made up of and what is their densities

A

Oceanic crust: basalt – 3.0 g/cm³

Continental crust: granite – 2.7 g/cm³

36
Q

The asthenosphere is like the ______ in a sandwich of the mantle

A

Jelly

37
Q

The lithosphere includes…

A

The moving crust and upper mantle

38
Q

The inner and outer core made up of what

A

Iron

39
Q

Why did the earths crust form aluminum in silicon

A

The materials are more buoyant then iron which has a higher density there for the iron moved to the center of the earth

40
Q

Convection is the what

A

Transfer of heat as material circulates inside earth. convection takes place in the lower mantle. the heat from the center is constantly being transferred through the lower mantle material causing it to expand and the volume increases w/o the mass making it less dense and rise

41
Q

Continental crust has lower density so it floats higher in the mantle

A

Oceanic crust has a higher density so it floats lower in the mantle

42
Q

The mountain sits higher on the surface but sits lower…

A

In the mantle

43
Q

As a glacier melts the crust..

A

Rises in the mantle

44
Q

Who collected evidence that the continents had ones fit together in a supercontinent called Pangaea

A

Alfred Wegener

45
Q

Wegener believed in what

A

Continental drift

46
Q

Continental drift is the idea

A

That the continents move around on the earths surface

47
Q

Plate tectonics describes…

A

How the pieces on earth’s surface move

48
Q

Evidence for continental drift

A

Coal beds stretch across eastern US say and Southern Europe

Plant fossils are found in South America Africa India Australia and Antarctica

Matching fossils and rock types are found in South America and Africa

Evidence of my glaciers is present in regions with warm and dry climates

49
Q

Harry Hess helped develop _____. How?

A

The theory of plate tectonics

Well a Navy officer has helped map the ocean floor. His naval maps showed undersea mountain chain is that form to continuous chain down the center of ocean floors. He called them mid ocean ridges and his hypothesis Sea floor spreading

50
Q

What proves Sea floor spreading

A

Identical magnetic patterns in the rocks on either side of mid ocean ridges

51
Q

The cooling and sinking of plates into the mantle is called

A

Subduction

52
Q

A mantle plume can cause a volcanic irruption in the play above it. If the irruption last not enough what can happen

A

The molten rock may form an island on the plate. After the island forms the movement of the plate carries it away from the mantle plume. This is how scientist determine the direction and speed of plate movement

53
Q

A single plate moving in One Direction is made up of what boundaries

A

Divergent boundary-moves away from other plates

Convergent boundary-collides with other plates

Transform fault boundary-slides by another plate

54
Q

Example of a divergent boundary is

A

Rift valleys- when formed on land that can eventually split the landmass

55
Q

By subduction at a convergent boundary the place where they meet is called a what

A

Trench-forms the valley in the ocean floor

56
Q

What is offsetting

A

Clue for a transform fault

When seen from above the future will appear to make a zigzag

57
Q

How do the magnetic patterns show Sea floor spreading

A

The stripe patterns are formed as iron bearing minerals in newly formed basalt a line to the earths magnetic field as the rock cools. These magnetic patterns are symmetrical on either side of a rich

58
Q

What type of motion describes waves

A

Harmonic motion

Freshman Year (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions