Science Unit 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Freshwater is not completely devoid of?
A
Salt
2
Q
What is the salinity of Salt water
A
3%
3
Q
Saltwater is literally dangerous to
A
drink
4
Q
Electricity flows more readily through Salt or Freshwater?
Why?
A
Saltwater. Because of elecrically charged ions.
5
Q
Freshwater lacks the what of saltwater?
A
Buoyancy
6
Q
Saltwater dehydrates your?
A
Blood and muscles
7
Q
Most animals cannot survive in both types of water. But, they can?
A
Adapt
8
Q
Salinity is the density of?
A
salt
9
Q
Name the 2 types of aquatic biomes
A
Marine & Freshwater
10
Q
Name 3 types of Marine Biomes?
A
Oceans, Coral Reefs, estuaries,
11
Q
Name 5 types of Freshwater Biomes?
A
Lakes, Rivers, Wetlands, Streams, Swamps, Ponds,
12
Q
Give the definition of an estuary
A
Where river meets the ocean and freshwater and saltwater meet tidally. This is brackish water.
13
Q
Name 5 Species Found In Estuaries
A
grasses, phytoplankton, invertebrates, fish, birds
14
Q
Species in estuaries must be able to survive in
A
different salinities
15
Q
Is Zoo plankton a plant or animal?
Is Phytoplanktom a plant or animal
A
Zooplankton is an animal and a great source of nutrients. Phytoplankton causes photosynthesis
16
Q
Plankton is categorized as both a _ and a _
A
plant and an animal
17
Q
Algae provides most of the world’s supply of?
A
oxygen
18
Q
Half of global photosynthesis is completed where?
A
In ocean biomes
19
Q
Wetlands are saturated with water _ or _
A
periodically or permanently
20
Q
Wetlands are important because they improve water quality by
A
Filtering out pollution
21
Q
Wetlands face destruction from (2 examples and why)
A
filling, draining for urban development
22
Q
Freshwater depth zones (2)
A
Photic zone (Top), Aphotic zone (Bottom)
23
Q
Marine Depth Zones (3)
A
Photic zone (top), Aphotic zone (middle), Benthic Zones (Bottom)
24
Q
There are less _ in the deeper zones
A
organisms
25
The largest biome is the
open ocean
26
Name 4 species found in the open oceans
large schools of fish, sea turtles, dolphins, whales
27
A lake has warmer _ water and colder _ zones
A lake has warmer shallow water and colder deeper zones
28
Stratified means?
Name a freshwater body that is one?
Arranged in layers. Lake.
29
Name a standing freshwater body of water?
Lake
30
Eutrophication Definition
When fertilizer or runoff flows downstream.
31
Eutrophication creates _ which in turn creates _
Eutrophication creates nutrient rich soil which in turn creates algae blooms.
32
Rivers or streams are what type of bodies?
Flowing
33
Rivers and streams begin in _ and _ sources
Higher and cooler
34
Rivers and streams empty into
larger bodies of water
35
The 3 Physical factors of Aquatic Biomes
Salinity, Temperature, and availability of light
36
Salinity of freshwater
0.1%
37
Watershed definition
Area of land that catches rain and snow. Which drains into a marsh stream, river or lake (Whichever is closest)
38
A watershed can cross what
Municipal, provical, international borders
39
Everything that is done on a watershed affects the _
Quality of water
40
Water is either in _ or _?
flows or stores
41
Are clouds in the atmospher flows or stores?
stores
42
Is oceans flows or stores
flows
43
What is the biggest aquifer in the USA
The Ogallala High Plains
44
How many states does the Ogallala high plains cross
8
45
Water's state is only
temporary
46
Water cycle starts with?
Percipitation
47
What is interception
when falling percipitation gets intercepted by vegetation
48
What is infiltration?
When percipitation infiltrates the soil
49
Transpiration Definition
What is Evapotranspiration
When water enters through the roots of a plant.
When water exits through the leaves of a plant.
50
Evotranspiration Definition
when water gets expelled through the leaves of a plant
51
Respiration Definition
when humans or animals expell water
52
Aquifer Definition
Underground water storage
53
Percolation Definition
when water flows through the soil like through coffee beans
54
What happens if there is litter or chemicals on the ground or in the soil, and water percolates
Groundwater becomes contaminated
55
Percipitation Definition
Water falling (Rain-liquid state), (snow/hail/sleet-solid state), (mist-fog-gas state)
56
Percipitation that lands on the ocean is called
Surface Ocean
57
Percipitation that falls on a river or stream is called
Stream flow
58
Water that lands on land can be _
ed or become _
Water that lands on land can be intercepted or become runoff
59
Runoff (water that lands on land, or snow melt) and percipitation in gas state both do what step next
infiltration
60
The step after infiltration is
discharge
61
Discharge Definition
When (groundwater) moves into a larger body of water
62
Step after discharge can be
Transpiration
63
After transpiration is
Evapotranspiration
64
A possible step after evapotranspiration is
evaporation (into the atmosphere)
65
In what direction does water moves in what direction? Towards what? And how long could this process take?
Sideways towards larger bodies of water, could take between 1,000-1,000,000 years to find a larger body of water
66
Condensation
When water goes from gas to water. Therefore condensing.
67
What are the 2 types of watershed
Open and closed
68
What is an open Watershed
When water eventually flows into the ocean
69
What is a closed watershed
When water must seep into the ground or evaporate
70
What is Toronto's main watershed. What is Toronto's sub-watershed.
Main Watershed: Great Lakes Watershed. Sub-Watershed: Lake Ontario and Niagara falls
71
What is the rating of pollution in our watershed? Why?
Rating: Very High. Because Toronto is one of Canada's largest city that creates a lot of pollution.
72
What is the rating of Habitat Loss in of watershed? Why?
Rating: Moderate. Because there are so much infrastructure in this area which is destroying habitats
73
What is the rating of Overuse of Water in our Watershed? Why?
Rating: Very High. Bedause there are so many people on this watershed using too much water.
74
What is our watersheds rating of Habitat fragmentation? Why?
Rating: Very High. Because of more roads, railroads, and dams.
75
What is our watersheds rating of Invasive species? Why?
Rating: Very High. Because of more marine shipping bringing in more things on their hulls, like zebra mussels.
76
What is our watersheds rating on Climate Change? Why?
Rating: Moderate. Because there haven't been many drastic changes to our water shed because of climate change.
77
What is our watershed rating on Alteration of flows? Why?
Rating: Moderate. Because of more damming in the watershed.
78
4 features of a watershed?
Some body of freshwater-lake, pond, etc.
Land-That water can run off and drain into some body of water.
Land that is lower in elevation so that the water can runoff at it.
Watershed divider-hill or mountain
79
Definition of Habitat Fragmentation
When habitats get split. Example: putting a dam down the middle of a pond.
80
Ice Sheet Definition and what it will become?
An Ice sheet is a large glacier that covers land. Will inevitably break off and become part of ocean.
81
Why is warm air more humid?
Because it holds more water vapor then cold air.
82
75% of freshwater is where?
In glaciers
83
Ocean water freezes at what temperature?
-1.8 C because of salinity
84
What is it called when a liquid becomes a solid?
Freezing
85
What is it called when a solid becomes a liquid?
melting
86
What is it called when gas becomes a liquid?
Condensation
87
What is it called when a liquid becomes a gas?
Evaporation
88
What is it called when a solid becomes a gas?
Sublimation
89
What is it called when a gas becomes a solid?
Deposition
90
71% of the world is what?
Water
91
What is water made of
H20
92
Name 2 ways water can be used
Electricity, Sewage
93
Some places are running out of what key liquid?
water
94
Name 2 things that water can be contaminated by
pollution, ecoli
95
Name 2 water based occupations
Fisherperson, sewage treatment plant employee
96
Water is crucial to make many different _s?
products or foods
97
Water Table Definition
Top surface of an aquifer
98
What is an Independent Variable?
Varibale that you change on purpose
99
What is a Controlled Variable?
All the variables in the experiment that stay the same every time you do the experiment
100
What is the Dependent Variable?
Variable inluenced by the independent variable
101
Step 1 of the scientific Method is?
Question
102
Step 2 of the scientific Method is?
Research
103
Step 3 of the scientific Method is?
Hypothesis
104
Step 4 of the scientific Method is?
Experiment
105
Step 5 of the scientific Method is
Collect Data
106
Step 6 of the scientific method is?
Analyze
107
Step 7 of the scientific Method is?
Conclusion
108
Step 8 of the scientific method is?
Report
109
What is qualitative data?
Experience, described with senses
110
What is quantitative data?
Numbers
111
How is a hypothesis formatted?
If _ then _ because
