Science Test: Process of the human body #20 Flashcards
What are the two main methods of reproduction?
asexual and sexual
What is the function of reproduction
guarantees that a species genes are passed onto the next generation
Define asexual reproduction
- Only one parent
- Offspring is identical to the parent
- Simplest form of reproduction
Where does asexual reproduction occur
single celled organisms like bacteria, sponges, corals, and certain jellyfish
Define fragmentation and give an example
a new organism develops from a piece of the original organism
-Ex: Starfish
Define budding and give and example
an offspring grows out from the parents until it fully matures and breaks up
- Sponges
Define sexual reproduction
- Two parents
- the offspring is not identicle to either child
Define fertilization
an egg cells from the female parents and a sperm cell from the male parents joining to form a new cell
How many chromosomes can be found in egg and sperm cells? Why is this the case?
- egg cells and sperm cells each contain half of the chromosomes needed for the species
- when they join, a full set of chromosome is formed in the new cell
Define chromosomes
a threadlike structure whiting a cell’s nucleus that contains DNA that is passed on from one generation to the next
Define trait
a specific characteristic that an organism can pass to it’s offspring through its genes
Define genes
a sequences of DNA that determines a trait and is passed on from parent to offspring
Define variations
The different genes the parents have make it so that the offspring could look very similar or very different to a specific parent
Pros and cons of asexual reproduction:
Pros: Organisms do not need to find a mate in order to reproduce; Can produce many offsprings quickly
Cons: All offsprings are the exact same as the parent so they do not adapt to environmental chagnes
Pros and cons of sexual reproduction:
Pros: Can adapt to environmental changes
Cons: Organisms need to find a mate
