Science Test (Newton's 3 Laws of Motion)

Question 1

Motion and an example.

Answer 1

The action or process of moving or of changing place, position, or movement. Ex, a book falling off a table.

Question 2

Force and examples.

Answer 2

A push or pull that one body or a substance exerts on another. Ex, gravity- downward pulling force, buoyancy- upward pushing force, friction- pushing force, or an upward normal force.

Question 3

What is the relationship between force and motion?

Answer 3

Forces change the motion of objects in specific ways. (Stopping or slowing down, or speeding up.)

Question 4

Balanced force and example.

Answer 4

Are equal (and opposite) forces acting on one object (same object) in opposite directions, so the forces can cancel out. (Does not change the objects motion/Does not cause motion) Ex, two people of the same mass pushing the same force on one object on opposite sides.

Question 5

Unbalanced force and example.

Answer 5

Are unequal forces acting on one object in opposite directions. (The object moves in the direction of the greater force) Unbalanced forces do cause motion. Ex, a bigger person (on the right) pushing a table against a smaller person (on the left) on opposite sides, the bigger person is putting more force on the object, the direction will go left if the bigger person is on the right.

Question 6

What are three differences and one similarity between unbalanced and balanced forces?

Answer 6

The two differences between a balanced force and an unbalanced force is that balanced forces are equal in size, while unbalanced forces are unequal in size and balanced forces do not cause a change in motion, while unbalanced forces cause a change in motion. Another difference is balanced forces are on opposite directions, but with unbalanced forces the direction CAN vary. One similarity between unbalanced and balanced forces is that both forces are acting on one object!

Question 7

What is net external force? When will the net force be zero?

Answer 7

When two or more forces are acting on an object at the same time, the forces combine to make the net force. The net force will be zero if the two forces are equal in size and opposite in direction (balanced force)

Question 8

Velocity and an example.

Answer 8

Speed or direction (how fast and in what direction) Ex, Earth’s revolution around the Sun.

Question 9

Acceleration and examples.

Answer 9

A change in (an object’s) velocity (speed or direction). For example, if a car turns a corner at a constant speed, it is accelerating because its direction is changing. Another example is a car slowing down when there is a yellow light.

Question 10

What are two relationships between motion, force, balanced force, unbalanced force, velocity, and acceleration?

Answer 10

One of the relationships is that the amount of force you are putting on an object depends on the object’s mass, in order to make the object accelerate, whether you have an unbalanced force or a balanced force. The velocity of an object depends if you have a balanced force there will be no motion, but if you have an unbalanced force it will result in motion.

Question 11

What is Newton’s first law? What is another name for the law?

Answer 11

An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will remain in motion and contain a constant velocity (speed and direction) unless acted upon by an external force. Another name for Newton’s 1st Law is the Law of Inertia. - The more mass something has, the greater its inertia.

Question 12

What are four examples of Newton’s 1st law?

Answer 12

Three examples of Newton’s first law is a ball rolling down a hill will eventually stop moving due to friction or another force. Another example is when your body moves to the side when a car makes a sharp turn. (Wants to keep moving in that direction -Inertia- doesn’t like to change) One example is spinning a fidget spinner- in motion, but it is stopped by your finger, the friction of the air, or the metal that is in between the spinners. Lastly, if one friend throws a basket ball to the other friend holding a basketball on opposite sides, the basketball in motion- velocity will be stopped or slowed down by the at rest basketball.

Question 13

What is Newton’s second law? What is another name for the law?

Answer 13

Newton’s 2nd Law is the acceleration of an object is determined by the size of the net force and the mass of the object. The object will move in the direction of the unbalanced force. Formula- Force= Mass x Acceleration or F=MA. Another name for the law is the Law of Acceleration.

Question 14

What are four examples of Newton’s 2nd Law?

Answer 14

Examples of Newton’s Second Law are pushing a shopping cart with goods compared to pushing an empty shopping cart. Another example of Newton’s second law is wheeling a suitcase without anything in it compared to a suitcase filled to the brim with clothes. Another example is a human pushing an elephant, the person would have to exert more force to move the elephant, which has more mass to make it accelerate. One final example of Newton’s second law is when I play lacrosse, I have to apply more force to make the lacrosse ball (not that heavy) go further.

Question 15

What is Newton’s third law? What is another name for the law?

Answer 15

To every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force or when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force on the first one that is equal in size and opposite in direction. Another name for the law is the Law of action-reaction.

Question 16

What are three examples of Newton’s third law?

Answer 16

Three examples of Newton’s third law are riding your bike, the wheels go back while the bike goes forward and a ball being thrown against the wall, the action of me throwing the ball comes with the reaction of the ball bouncing off the wall. Lastly, when you play the game in the summer where you have two plastic bubbles and two people of the same mass run into each other forwardly, they would both go backward.

Question 17

What is the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration?

Answer 17

The more mass an object has, the more force it requires to accelerate.

Question 18

What is inertia? What law is it closely related to and why? What are three examples of inertia?

Answer 18

Inertia is a tendency of an object to resist any change in its velocity. Inertia is closely related to Newton’s first law because an object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion and will maintain a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force, objects do not like to change their motion, an object with a lot of mass will not be moved by the external force and will resist the change. For example, when you pull a tablecloth off of the table with utensils and plates, the tablecloth will be able to come off without bringing the dishes with the tablecloth because the dishes have a greater mass, so its inertia is greater, making the object not want to move and friction is not strong when you pull the tablecloth fast. Another example in motion is when you stir a glass of milk, even after you are done stirring the milk will still be swirling due to the milk and not wanting to change its motion. Lastly, when a car stops short your body goes forward, our bodies don’t want to stop going in motion.

Question 19

What are two differences and one similarity between friction and gravity?

Answer 19

Two differences between friction and gravity is that friction comes into play when two surfaces rub against each other. Also, friction will always act against the direction of moving and resists motion. However, gravity is on Earth and is a downward pulling force that pulls objects toward itself. Friction does not pull objects down while gravity does, instead friction can stop objects in motion and is a pushing force. One similarity between friction and gravity is that friction and gravity are both external forces that can impact the motion of objects.

Question 20

How does friction typically affect motion?

Answer 20

Friction (pushes) typically affects motion by slowing things down or stopping objects that were in motion. (Can stop at rest items from moving).

Question 21

What is the difference between action-reaction pairs and unbalanced forces? What is the similarity?

Answer 21

A difference between action-reaction pairs and unbalanced forces is that unbalanced forces are unequal and opposite in direction and are on one object. However, action-reaction pairs are forces that act on different objects and are equal and opposite forces. The similarity is that forces are being put on objects.

Question 22

Describe an example that demonstrates all three of Newton’s Laws. Be sure to identify each.

Answer 22

An example that demonstrates all three of Newton’s Laws is playing soccer or a soccer ball. Playing soccer is an example of noon’s first law because the soccer ball will stay in motion unless stopped by a player, the friction of the grass or the goal. Also, the soccer ball will be at rest until a player kicks the ball. This example demonstrates Newton’s law of acceleration because you need more force to accelerate a soccer ball that is a size 5 compared to a size 1 where you need less force to make it accelerate. Lastly the soccer ball relates to Newton’s third law because when you juggle with your foot and bounce the ball on the ground in between juggles the ball is able to bounce back. The action of bouncing the soccer ball downward comes with the reaction of the soccer ball coming back up (upward) even on the grass. Explain another!!!

Question 23

When there is a net external force of 0, what direction will an object move in?

Answer 23

The object will move nowhere, even though there are forces on the object.

Question 24

What is the main difference between Newton’s 1st Law and Newton’s 2nd Law?

Answer 24

The main difference between Newton’s first law and his second law is that his first law is that an object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion and will maintain a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force. The first law has to do with inertia- the tendency of an object to resist a change in velocity, the greater the mass, the more its inertia. However, Newton’s second law is the greater the mass an object has the more force it takes to accelerate the object. Force= Mass x Acceleration and the object will move in the direction of the unbalanced force.

Question 25

In your own words, describe “action-reaction pairs”.

Answer 25

When you put force on one object you get the equal and opposite force back on the other object. (or the one object).

Question 26

Describe one similarity and one difference between balanced forces acting on an object and action-reaction forces.

Answer 26

One similarity and one difference is that the similarity is that they are both equal and opposite forces. The difference is that balance forces are acting on one object, so the forces cancel out and don’t result in motion, while action reaction forces act on different objects so the forces don’t cancel out and most times result in motion.

Question 27

Without using definitions describe one similarity and one difference between Newton’s second law and Newton’s third law?

Answer 27

One similarity and one difference between Newton’s second law and his third law is that both laws have to do with Force being exerted on an object or objects exerting force. The difference between Newton’s Second Law and Newton’s third law is that Newton’s second law has to do with mass and acceleration to either increase or decrease the force, while Newton’s third law is about forces acting in equal, but opposite pairs.

Question 28

What did Newton’s Laws describe?

Answer 28

Newton’s laws describe the effects of forces on the motion of objects.

Question 29

When and what job did Newton have when he created the 3 laws of motion that described?

Answer 29

In 1667, British scientist Sir Isaac Newton developed 3 laws of motion that described the movement of objects.

Question 30

It takes more _______ to move an object (____________) that has more ________.

Answer 30

It takes more force to move an object (acceleration) that has more mass.

Question 31

Arrows can represent ______. Explain.

Answer 31

Arrows can represent forces. The bigger the arrow the larger the force. If the arrows are the same, then the forces are equal.

Question 32

Action-reaction forces and example.

Answer 32

Action-reaction forces are equal and opposite forces that act on different objects, so they don’t cancel out. In fact, they often result in motion. Ex: Two friends pushing forward on a box, but the box pushes back on them and pushes their bodies backward.
Action: Person A 🡪 box
Reaction: Box person A.