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Science Test 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter and example?

A

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Ex, a calculator.

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2
Q

What is a pure substance/substance, made up of, and examples?

A

Are either an element or compound. Substances cannot be broken down into simpler components and still maintain the properties of the original substance. Substances are made up of one type of material. Ex, aluminum and helium.

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3
Q

What is an element, fun fact, and examples?

A

An element is all the substance are alike, that substance is an element. (Same Color) There are 90 elements found in nature; more than 20 were made in laboratories and most are unstable. Ex, 24k Gold, silver, oxygen, a penny, mercury, and neon.

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4
Q

What is a compound and examples?

A

Two or more elements combine chemically in a fixed proportion. Ex, table salt, water, vinegar, chalk, baking soda, and hydrogen perxiode.

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5
Q

What is a mixture and example?

A

Are either homogenous or heterogenous. Mixtures are materials made up of two or more substances that can easily separated by physical means. Ex, a soft drink, iced tea, cereal and milk, pizza, and black coffee.

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6
Q

What is a homogenous mixture and examples?

A

Homogenous mixtures contain two or more gaseous, solid, or liquid substances blended evenly throughout. Ex, protein shakes, coffee, air, blood, chocolate, tomato soup, metal, and brass. (But are not as easy to separate as heterogenous mixtures) Components cannot be seen.

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7
Q

What is a heterogenous mixture and examples?

A

A mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily. Ex, granite, salads, cereal, ice cream, guacamole, marble tabletops, clothing, pepperoni, and pizza.

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8
Q

What is the relationship between substances and mixtures?

A

The relationship is that substances make up mixtures.

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9
Q

What is the relationships between elements and compounds?

A

The relationship is that elements make up compounds.

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10
Q

What makes elements and compounds pure substances?

A
  1. Elements and compounds are always made up of the same atom or molecule.
  2. Elements and compounds cannot be broken down and still maintain their properties.
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11
Q

Describe two differences between elements and compounds? Examples of both.

A

Two differences between elements and compounds are that elements are composed of one type of material, while compounds are made up of more than one element. Another difference between elements and compounds is that compounds always need to be molecules, but elements can be molecules or atoms. For example, gold is a type of material that is only made up of gold and cannot be broken down and water cannot be broken down, otherwise it would be two (elements) gases, oxygen and hydrogen.

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12
Q

Describe one similarity and two differences between compounds and mixtures.

A

One difference between a compound or and a mixture or specifically a heterogenous mixture is that a compounds atoms are attached, while a heterogenous mixtures particles are close together, but not attached. Another difference is that mixtures do not always contain the same proportions of the substances that make them up, while compounds are always in a fixed proportion. The similarity is that they are made up of different materials or elements.

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13
Q

Practice the molecular level of element (molecule and atom), compound, homogenous mixture, and heterogenous mixture.

A

:)))

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14
Q

Classification and example.

A

To classify a group by similarities. Ex, solid, liquid, and gas.

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15
Q

Composition

A

What something is made up of or composed of. Ex, compounds are composed of elements.

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16
Q

What are all substances built from?

A

Atoms.

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17
Q

Explain why the following statement is true: All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.

A

The following statement is true because in compounds there are two or more elements combined in a fixed proportion, so it is and will always be a molecule. However, all molecules are not compounds because they can be an element molecule and have the same color and be made up of one type of material.

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18
Q

What is a solution?

A
  1. Another name for a homogenous mixture.
  2. The particles are the tiniest out of So. Co. Sus.
  3. The particles cannot be seen with a microscope.
  4. The particles do not settle.
  5. Uniformly mixed.

Ex, salt water, rubbing alcohol, and sugar dissolved in water.

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19
Q

What is suspension and example?

A
  1. A heterogenous mixture.
  2. The largest particles out of So. Co. Sus.
  3. The particles do settle.
  4. Have the instructions: “Shake well before use.”

Ex, Italian dressing.

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20
Q

What is a colloid?

A
  1. A heterogenous mixture.
  2. The particles are bigger than those in solutions, but smaller than those in suspensions.
  3. Allow light to scatter through them- Tyndall effect. (Big enough)
  4. Do not settle.

Ex, jello and milk.

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21
Q

What do colloids, suspension, and solution have in common?

A

All particles of mixtures and can easily be separated by physical means.

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22
Q

What is Tyndall effect and which type of mixture?

A

Is the scattering of light by colloidal particles and the type of mixture is heterogenous.

23
Q

What is another way in which elements and compounds are similar?

A

They can both be made up of molecules.

24
Q

Explain why someone would describe compounds as “homogeneous”. Example.

A

Someone would describe compounds as homogeneous because you cannot see what compounds are composed of, much like homogeneous mixtures. Example is table salt or water.

25
Q

Why can’t compounds maintain their properties if they are broken down into their components? (Examples)

A

Compounds can’t maintain their properties if they are broken down into their components because they would be elements due to elements making up compounds. If you separate water you would have two elements of hydrogen and oxygen.

26
Q

Why are chemical and physical properties similar? How are they different? Find two examples of each from your kitchen.

A

Chemical and Physical properties are similar because they both lead to changes and are describing/adjectives objects and substances. They are different because chemical properties will change the substances identity, while physical properties will change the shape, size, or form of the substance, but not its identity. Example of chemical properties are flammability of paper towels and an explosive stove. Example of physical properties are melting point of ice and breaking glass.

27
Q

Physical Property and examples.

A

A CHARACTERISTIC of a substance that you can observe/ measure that won’t change the identity of the substance. Ex, melting point, (phase change points), viscosity, mass, length, volume, density, texture, breakable, bendable, flexible, solubility (ability to dissolve), magnetism (attraction), elastic, and stretchy.

28
Q

Chemical Property and examples.

A

A characteristic or ability of a substance that you can observe or attempt to observe that will change the identity of a substance. Ex, flammability, reactivity, tarnishable (or ability to tarnish), corrosion, combustibility, explosive, toxicity, the capacity to mold, acidity, souring. (One to another)

29
Q

What is the relationship between properties and changes?

A

Properties lead to changes.

30
Q

Physical Change and starting words:

A
  1. Is a change in the shape, size, or form/S.O.M that is still the same material and will not change the identity of a substance. CHANGE IN APPEARANCE.
  2. Sometimes reversible. Ex, liquid water freezing into an ice cube and melting back to liquid water.

Ex, breaking, chewing, blending, mixing, cracking, cutting, chopping, crinkling, stretching, dissolving, tearing, crushing, painting, sawing, sharpening, sewing together, phase changes, shredding, bending.

31
Q

Examples of physical changes:

A

Shredding paper, alcohol evaporates, mowing the lawn, putting air in your tires, bending a copper wire, salt water, breaking bones, dissolving sugar in hot water, and frost forming on grass.

32
Q

Another word for change?

A

From/To.

33
Q

Another word for chemical change?

A

REACTION.

34
Q

Chemical Change and starter examples

A
  1. A change from one substance to another or a change in identity.
  2. Irreversible.
  3. Molecular change- atoms separate and new substances are created.

Ex, oxidation, cooking, baking, BBQing, molding, fizzing, odor (some), bubbles, sizzling, exploding, rusting, grilling, combining, toasting, burning, sugar caramelizing, digesting, producing, turning black, forms and breaking down, and decomposing.

35
Q

Examples of chemical changes.

A

Ex, food is digested, milk sours, fireworks, iron turning into rust (oxidation), fireworks, rotten eggs, fruit molding, mixing vinegar and baking soda, baking chocolate cupcakes, burning logs, stove explodes, toasting bread, grilling fish, heating sugar until it forms into caramel, silver forks turning black, cooking pizza, and food ripening.

36
Q

Examples of color for physical change and chemical change.

A

Physical- nails and food dye. Chemical- hair and mold.

37
Q

Why do all physical and chemical changes in matter include a change in energy?

A

For physical changes: matter can change state when it loses or gains thermal energy. For chemical changes, they are ALWAYS transforming into a new substance!

38
Q

Distillation and explain. Give an example. What are three ways you can separate a salt water solution.

A

Is a process for separating substances in a mixture by evaporating a liquid and re-condensing its vapor. Using an apparatus. (Physical means) Ex, kool-aid juice and mint’s natural oil. Three ways you can separate a salt water solution are evaporating the water and it turns into steam, so the gas can go through the tube and collects the vapor in a different area, leaving the solid salt by itself. (Evaportates, Re-condenses, and collects.)

39
Q

Why is dissolving a physical change or property?

A

Dissolving is a physical change or the ability to dissolve (solubility) due to Distillation.

40
Q

How can you tell if a substance is changing physically or chemically? What are some indicators that a substance has changed chemically? Ex, of chemical changes.

A

You can tell if a substance is changing physically because it will still be the same material in a different shape size or form. however you can see if a chemical change is happening because a new Subs will be formed and the substance will have a change in identity. Lastly some indicators that a chemical change has taken place are sizzling, formation of bubbles, production of heat and sound, burning (odor), fizzing, and cooling.

41
Q

What are ways to separate mixtures?

A

Ways that mixtures can be separated are sifting, water filtering, magnetism, distillation, chromatography, and separating funnel.

42
Q

The law of conservation of mass. Can you break the law? Why or why not.

A

The law of conservation of mass states that the mass of all substances that are present before chemical change equals the mass of all the substances that remain after the change. In other words, mass is not gained or lost during any chemical change or mass is not created nor destroyed during any chemical change. You can’t break the law of conservation of mass because it is not a theory.

43
Q

Examples of the law of conservation of mass.

A

An example of the law of conservation of mass is a burning log that turned into ashes. (The mass was not lost in the chemical change even if the pile of ashes became smaller you have to take into consideration that if you collected all the oxygen in the air that was combined with the log during the burning and all the smoking gas that escaped from the burning log it would be equal.)

Also, mercury (93g) + oxygen (7g) = mercuric oxide (100g). - The amount of mass in both elements is the same amount of mass in Mercuric Oxide.

44
Q

What is weathering?

A

Forces of nature that shape Earth’s surface.

45
Q

Is weathering a physical or chemical change? Explain and give examples for all.

A

Weathering is both a chemical and physical change. It is a chemical change due to acidic- like sour candy. Oxidation is a change in limestone. Reacts and turns into a new substance. It is a physical change because of rocks breaking, water freezing and expanding, and streams cutting through softer rock forming canyons that make the harder rocks more smooth and sculpted. In the stream the particles are going down deposited, but are not changed.

46
Q

What is rainfall? Chemical or Physical?

A

Rainfall is when the sky pours out polluted water that is acidic and toxic that effects the environment. - Chemical.

47
Q

What is an example of chemical and physical changes in a candle?

A

The wick changing identity into fire (Chemical) and the wax melting. (Physical)

48
Q

What are all substances either?

A

All substances are either pure substances or a mixture of substances.

49
Q

Molecule

A

More than one atom attached chemically.

50
Q

Atom

A

One singular particle of matter.

51
Q

How can you tell if something is a compound?

A

It will be composed of more than one element.

52
Q

What do elements and compounds have in common?

A
  1. Elements and compounds are both substances.
  2. Elements and compounds are both made up of the same type of material. (Elements)
53
Q

What is chemical about iron and what is physical?

A

Iron turning into rust is chemical, but heating iron and it turning red is a physical change. (APPEARANCE)

54
Q

Review the slides and other Brainscape!!, what are ways that you can use physical properties to separate mixtures!!

A

;))))

Science Test Brainscapes (4 decks)

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