Science Test Ch Wk. 20 2018 (9e)

Question 1

What is organic chemistry?

Answer 1

Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon bonds.

Question 2

What is a hydrocarbon.

Answer 2

A compound which contains both hydrogens and carbons.

Question 3

What is an Alcohol?

Answer 3

An alcohol is an organic compound which has one oxygen bonded to a hydrogen (OH), for example.

Ethanol:
    H   H
    |   |
H - C - C - O - H
    |   |
    H   H
The formula is:

C(n)H(2n+1)OH

Question 4

What is an Alkane?

Answer 4

An alkane is a hydrocarbon with single bonds between all carbons.

Butane:
    H   H   H   H
    |   |   |   |
H - C - C - C - C - H
    |   |   |   | 
    H   H   H   H

Formula:
C(n)H(2n+2)

Question 5

What is an Alkene?

Answer 5

An alkene is a hydrocarbon with one double bond between two of the carbons.

Propene:
    H   H   H
    |   |   |  
H - C = C - C - H
            |
            H

Question 6

What is an Isomer?

Answer 6

A variation of the molecular structure of a molecule.

For example: 2 isomers of Butane
HHHH
HCCCCH
HHHH

HHH
HCCCH
HCH
H

Question 7

What are the 5 first prefixes in organic chemistry?

Answer 7

Meth, eth, pro, but and pent

Question 8

What are properties and patterns of the elements in group 1? Why?

Answer 8

Extremely reactive - Only have 1 valence electron, wants to give it awayy.

A lot of them are soluble in water

Low melting point

Silver-like shiny

Question 9

What are the properties of the transition metals?

Answer 9

They have a different electronic structure than the main groups.
They are used as catalysts.
They have high densities and melting points.
They form colored compounds
They conduct electricity
They are brittle, malleable and ductile
They form metallic compounds with one another, and ionic compounds with non-metals.

Question 10

What is a catalyst?

Answer 10

Substance used to speed up reactions without itself being affected by the reaction.

Question 11

What is brittle?

Answer 11

Breaking when stress is put onto it.

Question 12

What are the properties of ionic compounds?

Answer 12

1. They have a high melting and boiling point.
   Because they form strong bonds, which do not tear apart easily.
2. They are soluble in water.
   The H2O molecules pull the ions apart.
3. They conduct electricity whilst in water.
   When the ions are pulled apart, the negatively charged ions conduct electricity.
4. Metal & Non-metal
5. Crystal like structure.

Question 13

What are some uses of some hydrocarbons

Answer 13

Ethane - Plastic

Butane - Motor gasoline