Science; test 2 Flashcards
asymmetry
no lines of symmetry (sponge)
radical
lots of symmetry (jellyfish)
bialateral
only one line of symmetry (person)
living things are made of
cells
cells then group to form
tissue
tissue group to form
organs
organs make a
organ system
an organ system ultimatly makes
a body
to have high functioning organ systems you must
body symmetry
body cavity
segmentation
verterbral column
protection from the sun
internal temp regulation
protection of young
A
dominant
a
recessive
homogenious
the same, alike
hetrogenious
different, unlike
genotype
the 2 allels on your chromosomes
AA, Aa, aa
phenotype
the phyical characcteristics that hte alles describe
green, red, brown
complete
3 genotypes, 2 phenotypes, dominant, widow peak/tonuge roll
incomplete dominance
3 genotypes, 3 phenotypes, blend, roses/carnations
codominance
3 genotypes, 3 phenotypes, both at full strength, cow color/blood types
x linked
4 genotypes, 3 phenotypes, depends on gender, color blindness
hemizygous
males that have a useless y chromosomes
agglunination
clumping triggers the immune system
bloody type A
antigen A, antibody B, can give blood to A and AB, can get blood from A and O
blood type B
antigen B, antibody A, can give to B and AB, can get from B and O
blood type AB
antigen AB, no antibodys
can give to AB, can get from everybody, genotypes AB
bloody type O
antigen none, antibody A and B, can give blood to everyone, can get from only O, genotypes OO
rh factor
with Rh = dominant
without Rh = recessive
frequency
a change in living organisms over time/a change in the frequency of allels in a population over generations
mutation
allels cahnge because of random base pair changes
(babies become lac-tose tolerant over time)
genetic drift
allels frequency change because there is suddenly a small population from which to draw allels,
(a low population regenerates stronger over time)
gene flow
allels change because new populations mingle
(when dominant genes overtake other dominant genes)
natural selection
allels change because they become better suited to the enviroment
(white moths turn into black moths)
gregor mendal
father of modern genetic, showed hoe traits are inherited, peaplants, monk teacher garderner, no funds for school
reginald C. Punnet
proffesor of genetic in the united kingdom, propabities of genetic outcome, 2 marine worms are named after him, degree in zoology
karl landsteiner
father of transfusion medicine, discovered 4 human blood types, landsteiners principla, born in Australia, won a nobel prize
Charles Darwin
wrote orgin of species, naturalist, biologist, explorer, believied in natural progressive theory
segmentation leads to
free movement and development of certain body parts
how many parts of the brain are there
6
frontal lobe
logic and thinking
motor cortex
specialized area for senses
parental lobe
movement, response to stimuli
occipital lobe
visual proccesing
cerebellum
muscle control, balance
temporal lobe
memory, speech, hearing
coelum
the main body cavity
endothermic
being able to regulate your body tempature
exothermic
body temp stays the same where ever
ectothermic
body temp changes on the enviroment
internal gestation
to carry babies on the inside
protien
use:build tissues/other molecules
test:biruet test
monomer:amino acids
lipid
use:membrane/energy storage
test:droplet test
monomer: fatty acids
sugar and starches
use:energy (ATP)
test: sugar (benidict test) starch (iodine test)
monomer: monosacchonde
nucleic acids
use:genetic information/storage
test: nemotoxylin
monomer: nucleotides
catabolic
breaks bigger molecules down
anabolic
makes larger molecules from smaller molecules
metabolism
a chemical reaction that occurs with food to turn it into energy within the digestive system
activation energy
the hump on the line after reactants and before products, it is important because the higher the hump, the slower the reaction
enzymes
special protiens that allow metabolic reactions to occur speeds them up
- enzyme concentration
- substrate concentration
- competitive inhibitors
- non-competitive inhibitors
endothermic
absorb heat
exothermic
release heat
atp
provide reusable energy between the second and third phosphate groups
protien enzyme
pepsin trypsin
lipid enzyme
lipase
sugar and startch enzyme
amylase pectinase
nucliec acids enzyme
nuclease
catalysts
protiens that help a reaction start
gamma bond
the bond between two phosphates
instestine purpose
enzymatic digestion and absorption of nutrients
aborbstion of water and electrolights
removal of solid waste from body
large intestion
5 feet long
site of water absorbtion
aka: the colon
small intestion
22 feet long
duodenum lleum jejunum
villi
shaggy hair
lactates increase surface area
absorbs into blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
lacteal
a blood vessel that takes away fat from digestive areas
