Science Term 3 test Fossil Fuels Flashcards
Define energy
- Energy is ability to do work and make change.
- Everything we do uses energy
- We can store or use the energy
Define Kinetic energy
*This is the energy possessed by a moving object
Throwing a ball
Kinetic energy
Moving bus
Kinetic energy
Water flowing through a dam
Kinetic energy
Define Potential energy
*Stored energy is potential energy
*Can be used another time
A ball in the hands of a boy
Potential energy
Bus filled with fuel
Potential energy
Water behind the dam
Potential energy
Define Atom
*Substances are made of particles called atoms
*Smallest unit of elements
Element
*Substances that are made up of one specific type of atom
Define Periodic Table
*Where to get information about all known elements and where new elements can be placed
*2 key sections - metal and non-metals.
Define Alkali metals
alkali metal, any of the six chemical elements that make up Group 1 (Ia) of the periodic table—namely, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). The alkali metals are so called because reaction with water forms alkalies (i.e., strong bases capable of neutralizing acids)
Define halogens
Halogens are the chemical elements that are present in the 17th group of periodic table. Halogen is derived from the Greek word “Halo” which means salts and “gen” which means formation. As the name suggest they are helpful in generating salts with metals.
Define Nobel gases
A gaseous chemical element that does not readily enter into chemical combination with other elements. An inert gas. Examples are helium, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.
Metals
Left of the line except for hydrogen which is a nonmetal
Non metals
Right of the line
Define metals
*Good conductor of heat and electricity
* Most of metals are solid at room temperature except mercury which is solid
*Shiny appearance
Define Non-metals
- Bad conductor of heat and electricity
- Many of the elemental nonmetals are gases at room temperature, while others are liquid and others are solids
*Dull appearance
Carbon
non-metal
Aluminium
Metal
Silicon
non-metal
Oxygen
Non-metal
Calcium
metal
Sodium
Metal
Define Electrons
*Negative charge
*Mass of 1/1840 of a proton/neutron
Define Protons
*Positive charge
*Same mass as a neutron
Define Neutron
*Particles with no charge.
*Same mass as a proton
Atomic number
Number of protons/electrons
Mass number
Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Number of neutrons
Mass number subtract atomic number
Electronic configuration
1st energy level = 2 electrons
2nd energy level = 8 electrons
3rd energy level = 8 electrons
4th energy level = 16 electrons
Define Compound
- Substance made up of two or more different elements
- Combined chemically
Is water a compound
Yes, hydrogen + oxygen
Is salt a compound
Yes, Sodium + Chlorine
Is cereal a compound
No it is a mixture, milk + cereal
Is avacado toast a compound
No it is a mixture, avacado + toast
Define mixture
*2 or more substances are mixed but arent chemically combined
What are the 3 main fossil fuels
Coal, oil, and natural gas
Define seepages
where oil seeps out of the ground
Hydropower
renewable
Solar
renewable
Biomass
renewable
Wind
Renewable
Coal
Non-renewable
Geothermal
Renewable
Nucleur
Non-renewable
Oil
non-renewable
Natural Gas
Non-renewable
How are fossil fuels extracted?
Drilling & Mining
List separation method
Extraction
Chromatography
Define Extraction
Separating different componenets present in the same substance
Define chromatography
- Chromatography is used to separate soluble (dissovlved) solid materials so they can be identified
*Its used to see how many substances are present
Define Substance
physical material from which something is made or which has discrete existence
Distillation
Used to separate 2 liquids which are mixed (Soluble) or a solid and a liquid (insoluble)
Simple distillation process
- Solution is heated in a flask until it boils and the steam rises
- The condenser around the outside is cooled by flowing water
*The steam condenses back into liquid and is collected
Red
Strong acid
Orange/yellow
weak acid
Green
neutral
blue
weak base
Purple
strong base
Blue litmus turns red
acid
Red litmus paper turns blue
base
ph 0
most acidic
ph 7
neutral
ph 14
most base
Define acid
- Sour taste
- Good for food preservation (Kills germs)
- Substance with a ph lower than 7
Define Base
- Bitter taste
- Feels slimy/slippery
- Ph above 7
- Good for cleaning
Define Neutralisation reaction
- When base neutralises an acid
- returns ph to 7
Conclusion
A summary of what you saw happening and whether it matched your hypothesis
Define Global warming
The rise in temperature of the surface of the earth
Greenhouse effect
Increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases leads to greater greenhouse effect
List 4 greenhouse gases
1 carbon dioxide
2 methane
3 nitrous oxide
4 water vapour
greenhouse effect process
1) Sun rays enter earth’s atmosphere as light and heat energy
2)Some of the heat is reflected from the earth’s surface
3) Some of the heat escapes
4) Some of the heat gets absorbed by the green house gases in the atmosphere
5) Earth gets hotter
Define combustion
burning a fuel in oxygen
The product formed is an oxidised form of the original (If a substance oxidizes, it combines with oxygen and loses hydrogen to form another substance)
climate
the weather conditions in a certain area
What happens to nonmetal and oxygen when burnt?
Carbon dioxide + Water
what are the environmental impacts of coal?
- The burning of coal produces a lot of waste products such as the metal mercury.
- Burning of coal produces sulfur dioxide which makes acid rain
- Mining for coal uses a lot of water which drains rivers
How does natural gas affect the environment?
*Produces carbon dioxide
*Non renewable
*Price is increasing because supplies are running out
How does oil affect the environment?
*Carbon dioixde
*In order to extract other chemicals will be used
* Extracting oil results in large oil spills which harm ocean wildlife
What causes incompletecombustion of fuels?
lack of oxygen
What are the products of the complete combustion of coal? You may pick more than one option
Carbon dioxide
Water
Sodium (Na) has 11 electrons.How many electron shells does sodium have?
3
What is ocean acidification? (3 statements)
Cause by too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
When carbon dioxide goes into the water, forms carbonic acid
Lowers the pH of the water
What is one negative impact of ocean acidification?
Food webs and ecosystems disrupted
