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Perth Mod > Science T2 > Flashcards

Science T2 Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of a constant internal environment

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2
Q

Body systems use _____, _____ and _____ to achieve homeostasis

A 
Receptor (senses new variables)
Processing Center (finds what to do about it)
Effector (acts on the variable)
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3
Q

Negative Feedback Loop

A

A type of feedback loop where a new variable is counteracted to try get to an ideal setting

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4
Q

Positive Feedback Loop

A

A type of feedback loop where a new variable is intensified by a response

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5
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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6
Q

Osmosis

A

A special kind of diffusion that involves the diffusion of water across a cell membrane

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7
Q

Active Transport

A

The movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

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8
Q

Cytosis

A

An active process in which materials move into or out of the cell enclosed as vesicles

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9
Q

Cell Membrane

A

A biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment

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10
Q

Passive Process

A

A way for ions and molecules to go through the cell membrane without using energy

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11
Q

Three types of passive processes are ____, ____ and _____.

A

Simple diffusion, filtered diffusion, osmosis

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12
Q

Excretion

A

The removal of wastes produced by metabolism within cells

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13
Q

Elimination

A

The removal of undigested materials from the body

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14
Q

Kidneys

A

Organs that filter blood to remove wastes (urine)

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15
Q

Ureter

A

A tube that transports urine from the kidney to the bladder

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16
Q

Bladder​

A

A organ that is the place for the temporary storage of urine.

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17
Q

How does the bladder get urine out of it?

A

It contracts to squeeze the urine out​

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18
Q

Urethra

A

A tube that transports urine from the bladder to outside of the body.​

19
Q

The three regions of the kidney are:

  1. _____
  2. ____
  3. _____
A
  1. Cortex (Outside)
  2. Medulla (Middle)
  3. Pelvis (Inside)
20
Q

Cortex (Outside)

A

An area in the kidney where the filtration occurs

21
Q

Medulla (Middle)

A

An area in the kidney where useful substances are reabsorbed

22
Q

Pelvis (Inside)

A

An area in the kidney where urine collects before travelling down to the bladder (via the ureter)

23
Q

Hypotonic Solutions

A

Solutions that have a low concentration (makes cells swell)

24
Q

Hypertonic Solutions

A

Solutions that have a high concentration (makes cells shrivel up)

25
Q

Isotonic Solutions

A

Solutions that are half liquid, half solute (cells stay the same)

26
Q

Nervous system

A

A series of tissues and organs that are the prime communication system within the body

27
Q

Sensory input

A

Monitoring stimuli occurring inside and outside the body

28
Q

Integration

A

Interpretation of sensory input

29
Q

Motor output

A

Response to stimuli by activating effector organs

30
Q

The sympathetic (speed up) division of nerves

A

A division of nerves that increases the action of the body e.g. increases heart and breathing rate

31
Q

The parasympathetic (slow down) division of nerves

A

A division of nerves that decreases the action of the body e.g. decreases heart and breathing rate

32
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

The main nervous system that is made up of the brain and spinal cord

33
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

A group of nerves that are made up of parts of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord

34
Q

The cell membrane is composed mainly of ___ and ___.

A

Lipids & proteins

35
Q

Diffusion only occurs when _____________________.

A

Diffusion only occurs when there is a difference in concentration between the two areas

36
Q

Why does osmosis work?

A

Water molecules are very small and so pass through the cell membrane easily.

37
Q

Osmosis is a ____ process.

A

Passive process

38
Q

Cell Body

A

A section of the neuron that carries out the essential cell processes that keep the cell alive

39
Q

Dendrites

A

Short branched extensions from the cell body that receive impulses from other neurons or receptors

40
Q

Axon

A

Single (usually) long cylindrical process extending from cell body that transmits nerve impulse away from cell body

41
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Bunches of fat around the axon

42
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Gaps in the myelin sheath

43
Q

Synaptic terminal

A

A part of the neuron at the end of the axons and dendrites that communicate to other neurons

Perth Mod (10 decks)

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