Science T1 Flashcards
T1
Define the term matter
Anything that has mass and occupies space.
Define the term atom
The smallest part of an element that can exist. They are made of subatomic particles
Describe how substances are composed of atoms
Substances are made up of atoms that bond together in various ways.
Summarise the development of the atomic model
The atomic model evolved through contributions from various scientists, refining our understanding of atomic structure.
Recall the names of the scientists who made major contributions to the development of the atomic model
- John Dalton - Solid Sphere Model
- J.J. Thomson - Plum Pudding Model
- Ernest Rutherford - Nuclear Model
- Niels Bohr - Planetary Model
- Erwin Schrödinger - Quantum model
- James Chadwick - Modern Atomic Model
Describe the structure of an atom and where each subatomic particle can be found
An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting around the nucleus.
Identify the different subatomic particles within an atom
- Protons (+ charge, 1AMU)
- Neutrons (No charge, 1AMU)
- Electrons (- charge, 0AMU)
Recall that atoms are neutrally charged overall and understand that the number of protons must equal the number of electrons
Atoms have equal numbers of protons and electrons, resulting in no overall charge.
Recognise that atoms are different for each element
Each element is defined by the number of protons it has in its nucleus.
Identify metals on the Periodic Table
Metals are typically found on the left side and center of the Periodic Table.
(Check Periodic Table)
Identify non-metals on the Periodic Table
Non-metals are located on the right side of the Periodic Table.
(Check Periodic Table)
Identify metalloids/non-metals on the Periodic Table
Metalloids are found along the zigzag line that separates metals from non-metals.
(Check Periodic Table)
Recall that the Periodic Table is organised in Groups (columns) and Periods (rows)
Groups are vertical columns, and periods are horizontal rows on the Periodic Table.
Define the term element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
Define the term molecule
Two or more atoms bonded (not chemically) together, representing the smallest unit of a chemical compound.
Describe the structure of a lattice
A lattice is a regular, repeating arrangement of atoms or molecules in three-dimensional space.
Recognise that atoms of elements can be found in different structures including as single atoms, molecules and lattices
Atoms may exist as single entities, in molecules, or in crystalline lattices.
Recall formula for the following molecular elements: Oxygen, Hydrogen, Chlorine
- Oxygen: O2
- Hydrogen: H2
- Chlorine: Cl2
Recall that mercury (Hg) is a liquid metal at room temperature
Mercury is unique as it remains liquid at room temperature.
Identify the noble gases as the Group 8 elements
Noble gases include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.
Recognise the common properties of noble gases as gases at room temperature, unreactive and existing as singular atom elements
Noble gases are unreactive, exist as single atoms, and are gases at room temperature.
Define the term compound
A substance formed when two or more elements chemically bond together.
Distinguish between the terms: element, molecule and compound
- Element: pure substance
- Molecule: bonded atoms
- Compound: two or more elements
Recognise that elements and simple compounds can be represented by symbols and formulas
Elements use symbols; compounds are shown by formulas.
