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Science : Systems in action Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of a system

A

A system is a group of parts that work together to perform a desired task. For example a car is a system; the parts of a car work together to transport you and your cargo

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2
Q

What are the two different systems

A

physical and social

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3
Q

name a example for a physical system

A

car , clock, phone, bike

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4
Q

name a example of a social sytem

A

Educational , political

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5
Q

Define social systems

A

Social systems are systems made up of people or organisms.

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6
Q

Define physical systems

A

Physical systems are sytems made up of physical parts that you can see and touch

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7
Q

Define input

A

Inputs are all of the things that go into a system to make it work (force, energy, resources).

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8
Q

Define output

A

Outputs are all of the tasks or services that the system performs (desired force, work, service).

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9
Q

Input is also known as the _________

A

Effort

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10
Q

Output is also known as the _________

A

load

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11
Q

What is Mass

A

The quantity of matter in an object

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12
Q

what is weight

A

A measure of the gravitational force on an object

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13
Q

is MASS constant anywhere in the universe

A

Yes

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14
Q

is Weight constant anywhere in the universe

A

No

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15
Q

How do you measure MASS

A

with an equal arm balance , triple beam balance or a pan balance

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16
Q

How do you measure WEIGHT

A

with a spring scale

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17
Q

What are the units for MASS

A

Grams (g) or kilograms (kg)

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18
Q

What is the unit for WEIGHT

A

Newtons (N) (capitalized)

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19
Q

When given the mass of an object, you can calculate the weight using the following formula:

A

Fg = mg

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20
Q

Fill in the formula for this equation
m = 50 kg g = 9.8 N/kg
Fg =mg

A

Fg = mg
= (50 kg) (9.8 N/kg)
= 490.0 N

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21
Q

Is this question correct or incorect if incorect why

“Oh no!” Sayed shouted. “I’ve gained! Last week I weighed 46 kg, now I weigh 48 kg!

A

Incorrect. Change kg to N.

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22
Q

An object of 200 N on the surface of the Earth should be an object of fewer Newtons on a space station above the Earth.

A

correct

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23
Q

In the space station, I would use a spring scale to find the mass of an object

A

Incorrect. Change mass to weight, or change spring scale to balance.

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24
Q

Lily placed a football on one pan of an equal arm balance and got perfect balance with 250 g on the other pan. She would expect to see the same result on the Moon’s surface.

A

Correct.

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25
Q

“What’s weight?” the teacher asked. Melinah piped up: “The amount of stuff in something

A

Incorrect. Change weight to mass.

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26
Q

If I go far enough from the Earth’s surface, I will get to a place where my mass will be almost zero

A

Incorrect. Change mass to weight.

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27
Q

On the surface of the Moon, the weight of 100 g of mass would be between 0.1 N and 0.2 N.

A

Correct.

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28
Q

Food is sold in the supermarket by mass – for example, $2.50 for a kg of sugar.

A

Correct.

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29
Q

The butcher weighed the turkey on her “honest weight” spring scales. “Here you are, sir. Your turkey weighs 8.2 kg”

A

Incorrect. Change kg to N.

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30
Q

Mrs. Thomas weighs herself on her scale every morning (then promptly throws it out the window)

A

Incorrect. Change weighs to finds her mass

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31
Q

The following mass is located on Earth. Calculate the weight using the five steps ( earths gravitational pull =9.8 N/kg)
25 kg

A

m = 25 kg g = 9.8 N/kg

Fg = mg = 25kg x 9.8N/kg
= 245.0 N

Therefore, 25 kg weighs 245.0 N.

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32
Q

The following mass is located on Earth. Calculate the weight using the five steps ( earths gravitational pull =9.8 N/kg)
40 kg kg

A

m = 40 kg g = 9.8 N/kg

Fg = mg = 40kg x 9.8N/kg
= 392.0 N

Therefore, 25 kg weighs 392.0 N.

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33
Q

The following mass is located on Earth. Calculate the weight using the five steps ( earths gravitational pull =9.8 N/kg)
150 kg

A

m = 150 kg g = 9.8 N/kg

Fg = mg = 150kg x 9.8N/kg
= 1470.0 N

Therefore, 25 kg weighs 1470.0 N.

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34
Q

An object has a mass of 5.0 kg on the surface of the moon. What would the object’s mass be on Earth?

A

The object’s mass would still be 5.0 kg because mass is constant in the universe.

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35
Q

Define “force”. State the correct units for measuring force.

A

A force is a push or a pull. It is measured in Newtons.

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35
Q

What are the two categories of force? Give an example of a force for each category.

A

The two types of forces are: Contact force, ex. pushing open a door, and At-a-distance force, ex. gravity.

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36
Q

What force causes a sliding object to slow down?

A

Friction causes a sliding object to slow down.

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37
Q

Did you practice science math and word problems today

A

YES :)

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38
Q

What device is commonly used to measure force?

A

A spring scale is used to measure force.

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39
Q

Explain how weight is different from mass.

A

M)The amount of matter in an object.

W)The gravitational pull on an object.

M)Measured using a balance.

W)Measured using a spring scale.

M)Units are: g or kg

W)Units are: N

M)Constant in the universe.

W)Changes depending on where you are in the universe.

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40
Q

define Energy

A

The ability to do work

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41
Q

Define Work

A

Work is the transfer of energy, by a force acting on an object as it is displaced

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42
Q

Makaila lifted a 10 kg book up to a shelf 4 m off the ground, how much work did she do? This is a TWO step question. First you change the mass to a weight (how to do this is on the first worksheet we worked on), then you calculate the work. This question would be worth 9 marks, 4 marks for the first part (no therefore statement) and 5 marks for the second half.

A

m = 10 kg fg = mg = 10 kg x 9.8 N/kg = 98.0 N
g = 9.8 N/kg

F = 98.0 N W = F x d = 98.0 N x 4 m = 392.0 J
d = 4 m
Therefore she did 392.0 J of work.

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43
Q
  1. It took Bella a lot of effort to pick up her schoolbag this morning (because she actually does her homework, so there were real books in it). If the bag weighed 5 N and her shoulder is 1.5m off the ground, how much work did she do?
A

F = 5 N W=Fd = 5 N x 1.5 m = 7.5 J Therefore, she did 7.5 J of work.
d = 1.5 m

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44
Q

Victoria did 20 J of work using a 0.5 N force to throw a ball straight to Nicole. How far away was Nicole standing?

A

W = 20 J d = W F = 20 J 0.5 N = 40.0 m Therefore, Nicole was 40.0m
F = 0.5 N away.

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44
Q

At St. Paul’s, the distance between floors is 4m. The elevator in the school weighs 1000 N. Two teachers each weighing 500 N get in the elevator at the ground floor. The elevator goes up two floors and one teacher gets out. The elevator then goes up two more floors and the other teacher gets out. How much work was done by the elevator in total?

A

F = 1000 N + 500 N x 2 = 2000 N
d = 4 m x 2 = 8 m W = F x d = 2000 N x 8 m = 16,000 J

F = 1000 N = 500 N = 1500 N
d = 4 m x 2 = 8 m W = f x d = 1500 N x 8 m = 12,000 J

Therefore, the elevator did 28,000 J of work.

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45
Q

what is an example of a lever

A

seesaw

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46
Q

what is an example of a screw

A

light bulb

47
Q

what is an example of a pully

A

blinds

48
Q

Give three examples of a class one lever

A

Scissors,crow bar, see saw

49
Q

Give three examples of a class two lever

A

Wheel barrel, staplers, bottle opener, nutcracker

50
Q

Give three examples of a class three lever

A

Tweezers, tennis racket, hockey stick, sports equipment

51
Q

What is the fulcrum also known as

A

Pivot point

52
Q

True or false “the closer the load is to the fulcrum the easier it is to move

A

True

53
Q

Class three levers always make things harder but…

A

You get an advantage in speed distance and accuracy

54
Q

What is input force

A

The force applied to a machine

55
Q

What is the difference between input and input force

A

Input is things that go into a system to make it work and input force is the force applied to the machine

56
Q

What are two examples of machines with a MA of 1

A

Single fixed pulley, and see saw

57
Q

give me an example of a wheel and axle

A

door knob

58
Q

give me an example of a wedge

A

knife

59
Q

give me an example of an inclinded plane

A

ramp

60
Q

A sloping surface is an ________

A

inclined plane

61
Q

A bar pivoting on a fixed point is a ________

A

lever

61
Q

A rope over a wheel is a ________

A

pully

62
Q

A Wheel conected to a shaft is a ____________

A

wheel and axle

63
Q

a spiral inclined plane is a ______

A

screw

64
Q

A slope tappering to a sharp is a _____________

A

wedge

65
Q

Define action at a distance

A

Can push or pull an object without touching it

66
Q

define contact force

A

must touch the object they push or pull

67
Q

__________have two conected levers that can be used to _______paper or cloth

A

scissors , cut

68
Q

A ________ is a simple machine that uses two hands as the ____________ and ___________ of a lever to move dirt

A

Shovel, effort, fulcrum

69
Q

In second class levers, the _________is between the effort and _________-

A

load, fulcrum

70
Q

When the fulcrum is closer to the effort than to the load there is a loss in ______ but a ________ in distance , speed , accuracy.

A

Easyness , increase

71
Q

What are the three elements of a lever

A

Fulcrum (pivot point) load(output force) effort (input force)

72
Q

What’s the definition of the load?

A

What the lever is exerting force on (output force)

73
Q

What’s the definition of the fulcrum

A

Where the lever pivots

74
Q

What’s the definition of the effort

A

The force you put on the lever ( input force)

75
Q

In which type of lever are the load and the effort moving in opposite directions

A

Class 1

76
Q

What is the difference between Input force and output force

A

Input force is the force applied to the machine and output force is the force applied by the machine to the object

77
Q

What is the definition of friction

A

A force that opposes the motion of an object

78
Q

What is the definition of kinetic energy

A

Things in motion

79
Q

What is the definition of potential energy

A

Stored energy in an object

80
Q

In a class one lever where is the fulcrum

A

In the middle

81
Q

In class two levers where is the fulcrum

A

On one edge

82
Q

In class three levers where is the effort

A

In the middle

83
Q

What is the definition of a machine

A

Any mechanical system that refuses the force required to accomplish work

84
Q

What does friction produse

A

Heat energy

85
Q

True of false “ rough materials have more friction and heat then smooth surfaces

A

True

86
Q

What’s the formula for calculating PE

A

PE=Wout/Win x100
PE=MA/IMA x 100

87
Q

What is the unit for percent efficiency

A

The unit is (%)

88
Q

what are two examples of a machine with a MA greater than one

A

bike wheels, light bulb

89
Q

what are two examples of a machine with a MA less than one

A

hockey stick, tennis racket

90
Q

why might someone want a machine to have a MA less than one

A

to increse speed distance and accuracy

91
Q

define Load force

A

The force exerted by the load.

92
Q

define effort force

A

The force required to move the load.

93
Q

define Load arm (output arm):

A

The distance from the fulcrum to the load.

94
Q

Effort arm (input arm):

A

The distance from the fulcrum to the effort.

95
Q

When a driver wants to stop a vehicle, ___ between the tires and the ___ helps stop the car.

A

friction,brakes

96
Q

___ materials produce more friction and ___ than hard materials.

A

Soft,heat

97
Q

Rough surfaces produce more ___ and __ than ___ surfaces.

A

friction, heat, smooth

98
Q

Walking on ___ is difficult because the smooth, glassy surface generates little ___.

A

ice,friction

99
Q

Tell which situation of the two will produce the larger amount of friction:
writing with chalk or pencil

A

Writing with chalk produces more friction because it is a rougher surface and there is more surface area in contact (so more rubbing).

100
Q

Tell which situation of the two will produce the larger amount of friction:
pushing a light or a heavy box

A

Pushing a heavy box produces more friction because the surfaces rub together with more force.

101
Q

What are some ways friction can help us?

A

Friction between our shoes and the ground stops us from slipping. Friction between the tires and the road stops cars from skidding. Friction between the tires and brakes helps stop vehicles. Friction is great for starting a fire too.

102
Q

What are two ways to increase friction on wet or icy roads?

A

Put salt or sand on the road. Use winter tires with better grip.

103
Q

Ways that we can reduce friction are:

A

Use rollers or wheels.
Use smooth surfaces.
Lubricate surfaces. (ex. oil)

104
Q

How does the use of a lubricant reduce friction?

A

Lubricant makes the surface smoother so there is less friction.

105
Q

Why does friction reduce a machine’s efficiency?

A

It wastes some of the input force (effort) and creates heat instead of output force. It causes you to have to use more force than necessary.

106
Q

Why can friction be dangerous?

A

It could produce too much heat, or damage the machinery.

107
Q

Just to read
Levers are simple mechanisms that make it easier or faster to move something. All levers have a fulcrum (pivot point), an output force (the force exerted by the load), and an input force (the force required to move the load).

A

:)

108
Q

why does MA have no units

A

Because its a ratio between two numbers both measured in Newtons

109
Q

True or false the best machine in the world has a PE of 100%

A

False

110
Q

Why is it impossible to have a machine with a PE of 100%

A

there will always be friction stealing your input force.

111
Q

As you add more pulleys to a machine the higher the PE and MA get at what point does the number of pulleys stop effecting this

A

4 pulleys

112
Q

A pulley has a mechanical advantage of 1. What does this tell you about the size and direction of the input and output forces?

A

The size of the forces is the SAME and the direction is OPPOSITE. Ex. A seesaw.

113
Q

Name a machine with two inputs and two out puts state them

A

Can opener:
input squeeze lever
Output:holding the can
Input: twist wheel and axle
Output :cutting can

114
Q

Name one example of an output and input for a physical system and a social system

A

Physical phone : input -electrisity
Output- music
Social educational system:input- people
Output- smart people

115
Q

As you add more pulleys to a system the distance of rope you pull gets _______ and you need to put in _____ force

A

Longer, less

116
Q

What is the acronym for the 6 simple machines

A

Lipsww

Science (3 decks)

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