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Science > Science: Fluids > Flashcards

Science: Fluids Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Solids, Liquids and Gases are made up of ____________

A

Particles

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2
Q

A _______ is made up of particles that are closely packed together

A

Solid

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3
Q

Particles in a liquid are _______ _______

A

Farther apart

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4
Q

A gas is made up of particles that are ____ ____

A

Far apart

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5
Q

The _______ ________ explaines the differences in states of matter.

A

Particle theory

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6
Q

What is a the hypothesis

A

The Guess

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7
Q

What Is the independent variable

A

The variable you change

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8
Q

What is a dependent variable

A

The variable getting measured or observed it DEPENDS on the independent variable

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9
Q

What is the 5 steps of density

A

Given Information, Formula, Rounded properly, Units, Therefore statment

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10
Q

Explain the difference between mass and volume.

A

Mass is the measure of how much matter there is in a substance whereas volume is the measure of how much space a substance takes up.

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11
Q

Will objects with equal masses have equal volumes? Why or why not?

A

No objects with equal mass will not have the same volume this is because in one the particles might be closer together making the object denser. (+ example)

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12
Q

Will objects with equal volumes have equal masses? Why or why not?

A

No because the particles might be closer together in one denser.

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13
Q

What is density

A

The amount of mass in a given volume

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14
Q

What is mass

A

The amount of particles in a substance/ object

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15
Q

What is volume

A

The amount of space something takes up

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16
Q

What is the density of water

A

1.0g/ml

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17
Q

State the overall relationship between density and the three states of matter

A

In a gas the density is low because they are far apart , in a liquid the density is a little higher because the particles are closer and last but not least in a solid the density is high because the particles are close together.

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18
Q

How does temperature will affect density.

A

If you heat up an object it will lower in density because it speeds up the particles making them further apart and lowering the amount of particles in a gram of the volume.

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19
Q

As the temperature of a fluid increases its viscosity _________

A

Decreases

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20
Q

The viscosity of a fluid is a measure on

A

the resistance it has to flowing

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21
Q

If fluid A flows faster through a funnel than fluid B, which fluid is less viscous?

A

Fluid A

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22
Q

If fluid C is thicker than fluid D, which fluid is less viscous?

A

Fluid D

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23
Q

What factor might change the viscosity of a fluid? Why?

A

Heat heats up the particles making them go faster and farther apart making them have less attraction therefore less viscous

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24
Q

A purple fluid flows 25 ml through a straw in 10 s. What is its flow rate in ml/s?

A

2.5 ml/s

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24
Q

An orange fluid flows 40 ml through the same straw in 5 s. What is its flow rate in ml/s?

A

8.0ml/s

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25
Q

What does a boat do in water

A

Displeases water

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26
Q

Does the weight of the water a boat displace equal the weight of the boat

A

yes

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27
Q

What determines whether clay floats in water why

A

Its shape. A boat shape will traping air bringing the over all density of the object to be lower

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28
Q

Who was the first guy to figure out how much space things take up when they sink

A

Archimedes

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29
Q

Who Owns the the school of scuba diving

A

Skip

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30
Q

What does Eureka mean

A

I found it

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31
Q

Who stars in buoyancy boy

A

Johnny Depth

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32
Q

Whats the name of bills song

A

Bills got boat

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33
Q

If something has negative buoyancy does it sink or float

A

sinks

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34
Q

What is the term that means Doesnt float or sink

A

Neutral Buoyancy

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35
Q

Is the air inside the hot air ballooon heavier or lighter than the air around it

A

lighter

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36
Q

Why does one liquid float on top of the other

A

Because it is less dense than the one below

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37
Q

A liquid has a mass of 450 and a volume of 500 what is the density

A

0.9

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38
Q

What is flowrate

A

The speed in which a fluid flows

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39
Q

A student is testing the flowrate of different engine oils down a sloping which one of these factors should be changed:
The tempeture of the oils
the type of oil
the material the ramp is made of
the angle of the slope

A

The type of oil

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40
Q

In which of the following situations would the viscosity of oil increase
As friction decreases
as its volume decreases
as its flow rate increases
as tempeture decreases

A

As tempeture decreases

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41
Q

What is the relationship between flow rate and the viscosity in a liquid :
Flow rate and viscocity are unrelated

If the viscosity of a liquid increases the flow rate will go faster

the lower the viscosity the faster the flow rate

the greater the viscosity the faster the flow rate of the liquid

A

The lower the viscosity the faster the flow rate

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42
Q

Suppose you have two samples of olive oil one sample is at 5 C and the other sample is at 15 C In which sample is the viscosity greater
The sample at 5C
the sample at 15C
both samples of olive oil have the same viscosity
there is not enough information given to answer this question

A

The sample at 5 C

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43
Q

True or False
Shampoo has a lower viscosity than water

A

False

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44
Q

It takes 10s for 100ml of a liquid to flow through a pipe what is the flow rate of the liquid

A

10 ml/s

45
Q

how can you change the viscosity of a liquid without adding anything to it why

A

Heat it up particles move faster farther apart and have less attraction making them less viscous.

46
Q

True or False A fluid is a material that can flow and that either has a fixed shape nor a fixed volume.

A

False

47
Q

What happens to particles when you heat them up

A

They move faster and farther apart

48
Q

What is the only way you can change the density of pure substance Explain

A

Heat or cool it ( Through temperature) Particles move faster and farther apart therefore have a lower density.

49
Q

Which of the following is true :
warm water is denser than cold water
cold water will rise in warm water
warm water will float on cold water
cold water will float on warm water

A

Warm water will float on cold water

50
Q

Why does a hot air balloon rise:
hot air is less viscous than cold air
hot air is less dense than cold air
hot air is more buoyant than cold air
hot air is heavier than cold air

A

Hot air is less dense than cold air

51
Q

If you could magnify a droplet of water hundreds of thousands of times what might you see

Many identicle looking water particles with water between the particles
many identicle looking water particles with empty spaces between them
many water particles of different shapes and sizes with water between the particles
many water particles of different shapes and sizes with empty

A

Many identical looking water particles with empty spaces between them.

52
Q

How are the steepness of a slope of a line in a Mass vs volume graph related to density

A

The steeper the slope the higher the density

53
Q

How do you know if an object is less dense than water Explain how you know

A

An object is more dense than water when it sinks in it this is because there are not enough particles to hold it up

54
Q

Write the three things miss Thomas is looking for when guessing the density of an object

A

It has a higher density than ____
It has a lower density than ____
There fore the density might be _______

55
Q

An object floating means it has a ______ buoyancy

A

positive

56
Q

An object sinking means it has a ______ buoyancy

A

Negative

57
Q

An object that doesn’t sink but doesn’t float is ______ buoyant

A

Neutraly

58
Q

All matter has ______– and ________

A

Mass and volume

59
Q

_________ describes how closley packed together the particles in a substance are

A

Density

60
Q

A substance usually has a ______ density when it is a solid

A

Higher

61
Q

True or false
When an objects density is greater than that of the density of the fluid it is placed in the object will usually sink.

A

True

62
Q

True or False
To predict whether or not an object will float in a fluid all you need to know is the weight of the object

A

Flase

63
Q

An object will rise to the top when :
The buoyant force on the object is less than the force of gravity on the object

the buoyant on the object is equal to the force of gravity of the object

the buoyant force on the object is greater than the force of gravity on the object

A

the buoyant force on the object is greater than the force of gravity on the object

64
Q

True or False
solids have buoyant forces

A

False

65
Q

Why does a beaker of hot water get denser when it is cooled
the particles move faster as they cool
the particles get hevier as they cool
the particles move closer together as they cool
after cooling there are more particles in the beaker

A

the particles move closer together as they cool

66
Q

As density increses buoyancy ______

A

Increases

67
Q

Explain how a dense substance such as metal is able to float in a less dense substance like water

A

If You shape the substance into a boat like shape it will trap air therefore changing the over all density to be lower and the substance will be less dense than water.

68
Q

A student places a piece of plastic in a container of alcohol. The piece sinks to the bottom of the container Wich of the following statements about the plastic is most likley true
the plastic is denser than the alcohol
the alcohaol exerts no pressure on the plastic
the mass of the plastic is greater than the mass of the alcohol
the buoyant force on the plastic is greater than the weight of the plastic

A

the plastic is denser than the alcohol

69
Q

Definition
Pressure

A

the amount of force applied to a given area.

70
Q

What is atmospheric pressure

A

the weight of the atmosphere pushing down on us

71
Q

what is earths atmosperique pressure

A

14.7 pounds per square inch

72
Q

If a fluid is allowed to move, it will always go from an area of _______ pressure to an area of _______pressure .

A

Higher , Lowwer

73
Q

Compressibility is

A

the ability of an object to be confined to a smaller volume than it previously occupied.

74
Q

True or False
Liquids can be compressed easely

A

False

75
Q

Solids transfer pressure in the direction of the force applied, whereas fluids transmit pressure in ______ ________

A

All directions

76
Q

define fluid system

A

is a group of parts, including at least one fluid, that interact with each other and function together as a whole.

77
Q

What is pascals law

A

When pressure is applied to a fluid in a closed container, the force is evenly distributed in all directions inside the surface area of the container.

78
Q

define
Hydraulic systems

A

Hydraulic systems are confined systems that use a liquid under pressure to transmit a force

79
Q

What are two benefits of hydrolic systems

A

Liquids can’t be compressed, so the applied force can be transmitted over a distance.
These systems can greatly multiply the force exerted by a liquid.

80
Q

Define pneumatic Systems

A

are confined systems that use a gas, usually air, under pressure to transmit a force. In order for a gas to be put to work in a fluid system, it must first be compressed.

81
Q

What are two advantages with pneumatic Systems

A

Compressed air is safe to use.
They usually cost less.
They are reliable over a large temperature range.

82
Q

What are 3 differences between pneumatic and Hydrolic

A

Pneumaitic is more cheep than hydrolic
pneumatic is weaker than Hydrolic
Pneumatic is safer over tempeture changes than hydrolic

83
Q

Give Three examples of a pneumatic system

A

Dentist drill
Jack hammer
Respetory system

84
Q

Give three examples hydrolic systems

A

Jaws of life
Hoist
Crane
Circulatory

85
Q

Explain why gases are easier to compress than liquids.

A

Gases are easier to compress because the particles in a gas are much farther apart than the particles in a liquid.

86
Q

As you go deeper in a fluid, the pressure of the fluid ________

A

increases

87
Q

A sealed container is cooled. The pressure of the fluid inside the container ______

A

Decreases

88
Q

Suppose a dam developed a hole from which water started to leak out. Why would it be harder to stop the leak if the hole was near the bottom of the dam as compared to near the top?

A

The hole at the bottom would be harder to fix because there is more pressure there from the layers of water above it than a hole closer to the top and the water would be leaking out with more force.

89
Q

On a cold winter day, you discover that the football you left outside is almost flat (low pressure).
How could you increase the pressure inside the ball without adding more air?
Explain why you think your solution will work.

A

Bring it inside in order to heat it up.
The football is sealed, so has not lost any particles. The particles have less energy because they are colder so they move slower and have gotten closer together, thus decreasing the pressure on the sides of the football. Once the football is heated up, the particles will move faster and farther apart, thus increasing the pressure inside the football to its original pressure.

90
Q

Explain why liquids are more difficult to compress than gases.

A

Liquids are almost incompressible because their particles are already close together, whereas gas particles are much farther apart so have room to be squished together.

91
Q

How is a force multiplied in a hydraulic system?

A

By having a larger output piston than input piston.

91
Q

If the output piston in a car hoist was replaced by a piston twice the area, what would happen to the output force of the system?

A

The output force would double.

92
Q

What is the purpose of a valve?

A

A valve controls the flow of a fluid in a system.

93
Q

Suppose you used a needle to poke two holes in a sealed tube of toothpaste. One hole near the cap and one hole near the middle of the tube. You then squeeze the tube at the base. Compare how the toothpaste will leave each needle hole. Explain.

A

The toothpaste would leave both holes with the same amount of pressure because according to Pascal’s Law, when a force is applied to an enclosed fluid, the increase in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid.

94
Q

Why might a pump be needed in a hydraulic system?

A

A pump helps move the fluid through the system, ex. The heart in the circulatory system.

95
Q

Suppose that oil in a hydraulic hoist is replaced by air. Would the hoist still operate as well?

A

No, because now you need to compress the air before the force will be transmitted through the fluid, thus using up some of your force.

96
Q

What is the most common pollutant of water?

A

Oil is the most common pollutant of water.

97
Q

Where does most oil pollution come from?

A

Most oil pollution comes from run-off and waste from large cities and industries (down the drain).

98
Q

The extent of damage caused by an oil spill depends on what three factors?

A

The type of oil.
The location of the spill.
The size of the spill.

99
Q

What happens if the oil coats the plants living on nearby shorelines?

A

The oil will block the sunlight and prevent photosynthesis, so the plants will die.

100
Q

Explain two things that can happen if the oil coats the feathers and fur of birds and mammals?

A

Reduces the insulating ability of the feathers or fur and then the animal could die of hypothermia.
The animal is less buoyant so it takes more effort to stay afloat.
Oil on their feathers makes it hard to fly.
They can ingest the oil when they clean themselves, which causes kidney damage and digestion problems.

101
Q

Define Booms

A

Floating fences that keep the oil from flowing away.

102
Q

Define skimmers

A

Like large vacuum cleaners that suck up the oil.

103
Q

Define sorbent

A

Are large sponge-like material that absorb the oil.

104
Q

define Dispersants

A

Chemicals that break up the layer of oil into smaller pieces.

105
Q

define burning

A

burning the top layer of oil on the water Bad for the air but can remove up to 90% of the spill.

106
Q

define Bioremediation

A

Using living organisms such as bacteria or fungi to eat and digest (break down) the oil.

107
Q

What is a slury

A

A mixture of water and solids

108
Q

give three examples of a slurry

A

concrete , slushee, slush

109
Q

What is plimsolls line

A

the line on ships that help show how much they can safely load on a ship based on the destination waters tempeture and salt amounts.

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