Science study guide: Moon, Earth, and Sun

Question 1

If you went to the moon and measured your mass and weight what would find when you compared it to mass and weight you measure on Earth?

Answer 1

Mass is the same for both places and weight is more on Earth than on the Moon

Question 2

We two factors act together to keep planets orbiting the sun?

Answer 2

Gravity and inertia

Question 3

We see different moon phases on Earth because ________?

Answer 3

Of how much of the sunlit side of the moon faces Earth

Question 4

What science concepts best supports the fact that the gravitational force of Jupiter is greater than other planets in our solar system?

Answer 4

If mass increase, gravity increases. Jupiter largest mass of planets. Therefore has the strongest gravity.

Question 5

Planets are large enough to have “cleaned their neighborhoods of smaller objects” The best reason for this is _______?

Answer 5

The gravity of larger planets (attracts) pull in smaller objects to become part of the planet.

Question 6

Define galaxy:

Answer 6

A huge group of single stars/systems, star clusters, dust, gas held together by gravity.

Question 7

List 3 types of GALAXY

Answer 7

Spiral, elliptical, and irregular

Question 8

What type is our galaxy

Answer 8

Milky Way is Spiral

Question 9

Define nebula:

Answer 9

A large cloud of gas and dust in space

Question 10

Define equinox:

Answer 10

The two days of the year on which neither hemisphere is tilted towards or away from the sun

Question 11

Define solstice:

Answer 11

The two days of the year on which the sun reaches its greatest distance north or south of the equator

Question 12

The universal Law of Gravitation:

Answer 12

Every object in the universe attracts every other object

Question 13

What is the name of our galaxy?

Answer 13

Milky Way

Question 14

What causes the Earth to experience sunrise and sunset?

Answer 14

Rotation of Earth on its axis

Question 15

What causes a lunar eclipse?

Answer 15

Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon

Question 16

What causes a solar eclipse?

Answer 16

The moon blocks sunlight from reaching a portion of Earth’s surface

Question 17

Define gravity:

Answer 17

The force pulls object towards each other

Question 18

The moon closest to the sun is:

Answer 18

New moon

Question 19

The moon furthest from the sun is:

Answer 19

Full moon

Question 20

The moon above the Earth is:

Answer 20

Third quarter

Question 21

The moon below the Earth is:

Answer 21

First quarter

Question 22

The orbital motions of the object in the solar system are the direct result of _________ of the sun.

Answer 22

Gravity

Question 23

What causes the changes of Earth’s season

Answer 23

The tilt of the axis of Earth and revolution (orbit) of Earth around the sun

Question 24

(look at the diagram) Earth then moon, and then the sun

Answer 24

The Earth will rotate while the moon will revolve around the Earth which revolves around the sun.

Question 25

(Diagram)

Answer 25

Tips:

• Look for patterns
• proportions

Question 26

Arrange the list of the areas of the universe in order from the largest to the smallest.

Answer 26

Milky Way Galaxy, our solar system, sun, earth, and moon

Question 27

Sun’s ray hits earth during spring:

Answer 27

Even hours day/night

Question 28

Sun’s ray hits earth during summer:

Answer 28

Ray hit directly more hour sunlight

Question 29

Sun’s ray hits earth during Fall:

Answer 29

Close to even hours day/night

Question 30

Sun’s ray hits earth during winter:

Answer 30

Rays hit indirectly less hour of day/sunlight

Question 31

Why don’t we have solar and lunar eclipses each month?

Answer 31

Moon’s orbit is slightly tilted about 5 degrees with respect to Earth’s orbit around the sun