Science/SS Flashcards
My very excellent mother just served us nachos.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Newton’s first law
object at rest tends to stay at rest unless acted on by a force (or motion-motion) same as Galileo’s inertia
Newton’s second law
force = mass x acceleration
Newton’s third law
for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
simple machines
lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane
physical change
shape, energy and states of matter, cause by motion, temperature, pressure
chemical change
change in color, rust, burning
mixtures
can be separated (saltwater)
solutions
mixed and cannot be separated
Igneous
formed from magma, granite
sedimentary
too lazy to move out of way of wind and water so get combined and layered up, limestone, sandstone
metamorphic
changes under intense heat and pressure, marble, shale
Atmosphere - The silly ostrich mostly tanned every day.
troposhpere, stratosphere, ozone, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere,
constancy example
earth’s rotation and revolution is at constant intervals
change example
change of positionof earth determines day/night, seasons
cycle example
revolutions (years) and rotations (day/night) are cycles
structure example
location and position of Earth’s structure remains constant
process example
how the earth and the sun interact with others in the system
displacement
change in position from point A to point B
velocity
displacement/time
acceleration
time rate of change in velocity
forces
physical quantities that cause motion
heat
thermal energy measured by joules
conduction
heat energy transfer in solids (touching a hot stove)
convection
heat energy transfer in liquids (cooling of coffee after add cream)
radiation
heat energy transfer in space (earth’s surface warmed by the sun)
light
energy that travels as waves in space
electromagnetic spectrum
wavelengths including radio, micro, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays
primary colors
red, green, blue
complimentary colors
cyan, magenta, yellow
reflection
angle of incident light is equal to angle of reflected light
refraction
change of direction when light moves between two transparent media (air to water)
electric charge
cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred
conductors
most metals that electric charge moves easily through
insulators
electric charge does not move easily, glass, rubber, plastic, paper
kinetic energy
energy of an object in motion
potential energy
stored energy of an object (gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy, chemical potential energy)
mechanical energy
sum of kinetic plus potential energy
chemical energy
occurs as a result of the bonds of chemicals (example-food)
thermal energy
heat, energy occurs as a result of temperature change
sound energy
sound vibrations
light energy
light produced when elextrons change energy levels and emit photons
solar energy
result of the sun
electrical energy
moving eletrical charges
law of conservation of energy
energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed
organelles
little organs inside a cell
membrane
border which protect cell structures and controls what moves in and out
unicellular
bacteria
multicellular
plants, animals, humans, etc.
plant life cycle
seed, germination, stems & roots, flower
animal life cycle 1
egg, caterpillar, pupa, butterfly
animal life cycle 2
egg, chicks, chicken
animal life cycle 3
egg, tadpole, frog
adaptations
inherited characteristics that aid survival in environment (coloration, waterproof, webbed feet, teeth, horns, nocturnal, hibernation, ability to dissipate heat, survive exreme cold
stimulus
action or condition that initiates rsponse
water cycle
evaporation, condensation, cloud formation, precipitation
crust
outer layer of sand and rock
mantle
rock extends to halfway to center of earth
outer core
liquid or molten rock, iron and nickel
inner core
solid rock of iron and nickel
physical weathering
physical or mechanical forces in the disintegration of rocks
chemical weathering
decompostioion or alteration of rocks through chemical processes.
new moon
0-7 moon between earth and sun (not visible)
first quarter
8-14 one half is visible
full moon
15-22 earth between the sun and moon
last (third) quarter
23-29 one half visible
scientific inquiry (method)
question, hypothesis, select way to gather information, make observations & collect data, organize & evaluate data, defend conclusion
Texas History Eras
Spanish 1519-1821, Mexican 1821-1835, Revolution 1835-1836, Republic 1836-1845, Antebellum 1846-1861, Civil War 1861-1865, Reconstruction 1866-1877
Coahuiltecans
coastal plains hunter gatherers, nomadic
Karankawas
Texas coast, nomadic
Trans-Pecos
rock shelters, permanent housing, desert climate, adobe-cooler in desert climate
Caddos
Coastal Plains, Piney Woords, farmers, corn main crop, frame houses relatively permanent, “Tejas”=friend
Tonkawas
nomadic buffalo hunters and gatherers in central Texas
Shawnee & Kickapoo
migrated to Texas during Republic era
13th amendment
abolished slaves
14th amendment
made slaves citizens
15th amendment
granted right to vote to slaves
abolitionism
18th & 19th century abolish slavery
women’s suffrage
19th & 20th century right to vote
temperance movement
19th & 20th century reduce/prevent alcohol comsumption
troposphere
earth’s surface to 9 miles up - weather layer lower atmosphere
stratosphere
troposphere to 31 miles contains the ozone layer lower atmosphere
mesophere
stratosphere to 53 miles-middle atmosphere
thermosphere
mesosphere to 372 miles, auroras here outer atmosphere
exosphere
thermosphere to 40,000 miles outer atmosphere
Geographic regions of Texas
Great Plains, Gulf Coast Plains, Trans-Pecos (Big Bend), North Central Plains
tropical rainforest
year round high temp, much precipitation, diverse plant and animal life
tropical dry forest
high temp, dry season, more deciduous trees than rainforest
savanna
high temp, seasonal rainfall, tropical grasslands with scattered trees
desert
high temp, but can be cold at night, low preciptation
steppe
temperate with seasonal variation, mostly grasslands little diversity in plant and animal life
temperate forest
temperate with seasonal variation in precip., rich soil, mostly deciduous trees
taiga
cold winters with considreable snow, less diversity, coniferous trees
tundra
long winters severe winds, limited sun, permanently frozen groud
Six Flags over Texas
Spain 1500-1821, France 1685-1690, Mexico 1821-1836, Republic 1836-1845, Confederate 1861-1865, US 1845-1861 & 1865-present
Jane Long
mother of Texas-first Anglo to bear a child in Texas
Ma Ferguson
governor of Texas 1925-1927, 1933-1935
Barbara Jordan
first African-American woman from a southern state to serve in Congress 1973
electronic products
largest export from Texas
Texas exports
cotton, cattle oil, natural gas
Spindletop
1901
Dred Scott v Sanford 1857
slaves and descendants are private property whose rights are not protected by Constitution
Plessy v Ferguson
upheld segregation, separate but equal
Brown v Board of Education
overturned Plessy
