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7th Grade > Science Semester 1 > Flashcards

Science Semester 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Active Transport

A

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane using energy, often against a concentration gradient.

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2
Q

Allele

A

Different forms of a gene that can be found on a chromosome

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3
Q

Amino Acid

A

The monomer of proteins, linked to form polypeptide chains

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4
Q

Cell Membrane

A

The outer boundary of a cell that controls what enters and what exits

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5
Q

Cell Theory

A
  1. Cells are the basic unite of life
  2. All living things are made of cells
  3. New cells are formed from preexisting ones
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6
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

The process by which organisms convert oxygen and glucose into ATP and water

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7
Q

Equation for cellular respiration

A

C6H1206 + 602 = 6H20 + 6C02 + ATP

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8
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose

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9
Q

Equation for photosynthesis

A

6H20 + 6C02 = C6H1206 + 602

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10
Q

Centromere

A

Region of chromosome where 2 sister chromatids attach

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11
Q

Codominance

A

Both alleles are equally expressed in the phenotype (like in cows)

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12
Q

Codon

A

3 nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid

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13
Q

Diffusion

A

Molecules move from area of high concentration to low concentration (until equilibrium is reached)

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14
Q

Diploid

A

A cell with 2 sets of chromosomes

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15
Q

Endocytosis

A

Cell takes in substances by surrounding it with its cell membrane

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16
Q

Eukaryote

A

Has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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17
Q

Exocytosis

A

Cell releases substances by expelling them from a vesicle outside the cell membrane

18
Q

Fermentation

A

Releases energy from glucose when oxygen is unavailable

19
Q

Fertilization

A

Process in which egg and sperm cell join to form a zygote

20
Q

Gene

A

A section of DNA on a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait

21
Q

Glycolysis

A

The process in which glucose is broken down into smaller molecules, occurring in the cytoplasm

22
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Organelle that processes and packages molecules produced by the cell

23
Q

Haploid

A

A cell with one set of chromosomes

24
Q

Homologous Chromosomes

A

Pairs of chromosomes that have the genes for the same traits arranged in the same order

25
Q

Incomplete Dominance

A

The offspring’s phenotype is a blend of the parent’s phenotypes (red + white = pink)

26
Q

Lipid

A

Macromolecule for stored energy, monomers are glycerol and fatty acid

27
Q

Lysosome

A

Organelle that digest larger food molecules and older cell parts

28
Q

Macromolecules

A

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids

29
Q

Multiple Allele Inheritance

A

When 2 or more alleles contribute to an organism’s phenotype

30
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

31
Q

Passive Transport

A

Transport of molecules across a membrane without using energy

32
Q

Polygenic Inheritance

A

Traits controlled by 2 or more genes

33
Q

Ribosomes

A

Smallest organelle that produces protein

34
Q

Sister Chromatids

A

Identical copies of a chromosome attached at the centromere

35
Q

Zygote

A

A new cell formed by the fusion of an egg and sperm

36
Q

What is the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law?

A

A scientific theory explains why something happens. A scientific law explains what is expected to happen every time under a specific set of conditions

37
Q

Why is it important to have a control group in an experiment?

A

So you can compare your experimental group to it. This is to make sure that the change in the dependent variable is happening because of the independent variable

38
Q

List the four macromolecules and their primary function in a cell.

A
  1. Carbohydrates - fast energy
  2. Lipids - stored energy
  3. Proteins - enzymes, communication
  4. Nucleic Acid - stores genetic information
39
Q

What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic Cells:
no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic Cells:
membrane bound nucleus and organelles

40
Q

What is the significance of semiconservative replication of DNA?

A

Ensures that genetic material is accurately passed on

7th Grade (6 decks)

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