Science Quarter 3 Test 1 Flashcards
Explain the 4 types of tissue
Epithelial - protects body, absorbs nutrients
Connective - provides structure and support, cushions organs, stores nutrients
Nervous - carry impulses throughout the body
Muscular - made of muscle fibers that relax and contract
Main functions of skeletal system
- Provides shape and support to body
- Protects internal organs
- Movement
- Manufacture bone cells in marrow
- Stores calcium and phosphorus
What are the 5 types of joints and where can they be found?
- Fixed joint - allows little movement (in skull)
- Pivot joint - one bone rotates around another bone (rotating wrist)
- Ball and socket joint - ball end of one bone fits into cup-like cavity on another bone (found in hips and shoulder)
- Hinge joint - back and forth movement (knee or elbow)
- Gliding joint - one part of a bone slides over another (wrist or ankle)
Define cartilage, ligaments, and tendons
cartilage - a strong flexible tissue that covers the ends of bones
ligaments - connect bones to other bones
tendons - connect muscle to bone
List and Describe the 4 layers of bone
- Periosteum: thin membrane that covers and protects; contains blood vessels and nerves
- Compact bone: hard bone that provides structure to bones
- Cancellous bone: spongy bone, contains blood vessels and marrow
- Marrow: Yellow - stores fat, Red - makes blood cells
List and explain the 4 types of cells in your bones
- Osteoclasts - break bone
- Osteoblasts - build bone
- Osteocytes - hold bone together
- Lining Cells - protect bone
What 2 minerals make up your bones
calcium and phosphorus
Main functions of the muscular systemf
Movement, maintain body temperature, maintain posture, protect internal organs
Name and explain each type of muscle
Cardiac - involuntary, found only in the heart, striated, helps pump blood
Smooth- involuntary, found in stomach and internal organs, digestion , blood pressure, and more
Skeletal - voluntary, found in appendicular skeleton, triceps, biceps etc.
Describe why your muscles have to work in pairs
One muscle must contract while the other relaxes to move properly
List the 3 parts that make up the integumentary system
hair, skin, nails
List and explain the 3 layers of skin
Epidermis - outer layer, melanocytes (cells that produce melanin) are here
Dermis - composed of connective tissues, composed of nerve fibers, blood vessels, hair follicles and other structures are also here
Hypodermis - insulates body
How do skeletal, muscular, and integumentary systems help maintain homeostasis
skeletal - supply calcium to body
muscular - muscle contractions convert chemical energy to thermal energy
integumentary - formation of vitamin d and water loss
Define skeletal system
Body system that contains bones and structures that protect bones that help regulate body functions
Arthritis and Osteoporosis
Arthritis - cartilage wears off and causes joints to feel inflamed
Osteoporosis - bones become brittle
List and give example of the 4 types of bone
Long - found in humerus and femur
Short - found in carpals and tarsals
Flat - found in ribs and scapula
Irregular - vertebrae
Explain the 2 parts of your skeleton
Axial - your ribs and internal area
Appendicular - your limbs
What is the path air takes as it enters your body
nose/mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
How does gas exchange happen in the alveoli
oxygen enters the alveoli and it goes through the capillaries to enter the bloodstream
What is the role the diaphragm plays in breathing
when you inhale the diaphragm moves down, and when you exhale it moves up
What is the path food takes once it enter the body
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum/anus
Define the nephron
A network of capillaries and tubules where filtration of blood takes place in the kidneys
How does the urinary system perform homeostasis
It regulates the water levels in the body
