Science Quiz 20

Question 1

changes in the heritable traits of a population of organisms as successive generations replace one another.

Answer 1

Evolution

Question 2

a mechanism of evolution. Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success.

Answer 2

Natural Selection

Question 3

the identification by humans of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations.

Answer 3

Artificial Selection

Question 4

reproductive success and reflects how well an organism is adapted to its environment.

Answer 4

Fitness

Question 5

the difference in DNA sequences between individuals within a population.

Answer 5

Variation

Question 6

similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor.

Answer 6

Homologous Structures

Question 7

features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature.

Answer 7

Analogous Structures

Question 8

have no apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancestor.

Answer 8

Vestigial Structures

Question 9

coined the term survival of the fittest and wrote “On the Origin of Species.”

Answer 9

Charles Darwin

Question 10

What are the five points of natural selection?

Answer 10

i. Population has variations.
ii. Some variations are favorable.
iii. More offspring are produced than survive.
iv. Those that survive have favorable traits.
v. A population will change over time.

Question 11

According to superposition, the fossils on the lower portions of rock are (BLANK) compared to the fossils found on the upper portions of rock.

Answer 11

Older

Question 12

Why are advantageous traits most likely to be passed on from generation to generation?

Answer 12

Because advantageous traits are a variation that increases the organism’s fitness and therefore affects the organism’s ability to survive to reproduce and pass on the advantageous traits to the offspring.

Question 13

What are the four different kinds of evidence for evolution?

Answer 13

a. Fossil records
b. Geographic evidence
c. Molecular biology evidence
d. Embryological evidence

Question 14

What are the 5 characteristics of our hearts?

Answer 14

a. 4 chambers
b. The left heart pumps blood to the body.
c. The right heart pumps blood to the lungs.
d. Made of cardiac muscle.
e. Have coronary blood vessels that feed the heart oxygenated blood.