Science Exam 1 Semester 2 Flashcards
both alleles are the same.
Homozygous
both alleles are different.
Heterozygous
the weaker allele
Recessive
the stronger allele
Dominant
the physical characteristics of an organism.
Phenotype
the genetic makeup of the organism.
Genotype
a way to test for potential offspring with a cross.
Punnett Square
heterozygous is a mixture of two alleles.
Incomplete dominance
both alleles are expressed but in different cell types leading to splotchiness phenotype.
Co-dominance
What are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction?
Advantages:
1. Variation
2. Organism is more protected
Disadvantages:
1. Requires more energy
2. Requires two organisms
3. Not time efficient
Which one, asexual or sexual, leads to greater diversity and why?
Sexual because of crossing over and mutations due to transcription/translation errors. Asexual produces clones therefore there is little genetic variation. Sexual reproduction leads to variation and adaptation to the environment.
Which body system does the body part belong to?
1. White blood cells
2. Hormones
3. Uterus
4. Large intestines
5. Kidneys
6. Trachea
7. Arteries
8. Femur
9. Hair
a. White blood cells -immune/lymphatic
b. Hormones -endocrine
c. Uterus -reproductive
d. Large intestines -digestive (gastrointestinal)
e. Kidneys-renal/urinary/excretory
f. Trachea -respiratory
g. Arteries -circulatory/cardiovascular
h. Femur-skeletal
i. Hair -integumentary
What is the function of the following body systems?
a. Endocrine
b. Excretory
c. Reproductive
d. Digestive
e. immune
f. Respiratory
g. Integumentary
h. Skeletal
i. Muscular
j. Nervous
a. Endocrine -to use the circulatory system to send chemical messengers around the body for physical and sexual development.
b. Excretory/Renal/urinary -to filter the blood of waste and produce and expel urine.
c. Reproductive -to make more of us.
d. Digestive -to digest food and release nutrients to the body.
e. Immune/lymphatic -to protect the body from invaders like bacteria and viruses.
f. Respiratory -to exchange gases (CO2 out and O2 in).
g. Integumentary -to protect the surface of the body, thermoregulate (heating and cooling), and the first line of defense against invaders.
h. Skeletal -provides a framework for the body for body shape.
i. Muscular -attaches to the skeletal system to move the body.
j. Nervous -to send and receive information about the world around us.
Which organ systems provide the body with nutrients?
Digestive and Circulatory
Which organ systems are responsible for arm movement?
Skeletal, nervous and muscular
Which organ systems are responsible for breathing and circulating gases?
Circulatory and respiratory
Which organ systems protect you from bacteria and viruses?
Immune/lymphatic and integumentary.
What is the main function of the integumentary system?
The first line of defense against invaders. Thermoregulation (maintain temperature). Insulation against the outside.
Which body systems use messengers like electrical impulses and hormones?
Endocrine and Nervous
Which organ system transports oxygen to cells?
Circulatory
Which organ system provides oxygen for cells?
Respiratory
What is a pedigree?
A record of the descendants of a family.
What is the probability of getting a heterozygote with the following cross: BB x bb?
100%
A calico cat has splotches of orange and brown fur. How does this result? Is it codominance or incomplete dominance?
A calico cat results from codominance. Both alleles are expressed but in different locations leading to splotchiness in the fur color.
