Science-Putting Up Defences

Question 1

Helper T Cells

Answer 1

Help B cells and other T cells to start the immune response

Question 2

Pathogen

Answer 2

A disease causing organism

Question 3

Antibiotic

Answer 3

A substance derived from a certain fungi, bacteria or other organisms that can destroy or inhabit the growth of other microorganism.

Question 4

Examples of Fungi

Answer 4

Ring worm

Athlete’s foot

Question 5

Antibodies

Answer 5

A type of protein, produced by B lymphocytes in the blood, in response to an antigen. Antibodies attach to antigens to render them harmless or attract phagocytes to destroy the antigen.

Question 6

Disinfectant

Answer 6

Inhibits the growth of disease causing microorganism. Used on tools, tables, floor ect.

Question 7

Spirilla

Answer 7

Spiral shaped bacteria

Question 8

Disease

Answer 8

Any condition that affects the ability of any of the bodies systems to function correctly

Question 9

Protozoans examples

Answer 9

Malaria

Toxoplasmosis

Question 10

Streptobacillus

Answer 10

Rod shaped

Few connected together

Question 11

Cocci

Answer 11

Single circle

Question 12

Contagious

Answer 12

Transmitted by direct or indirect contact

Question 13

Quarantine

Answer 13

Enforced isolation or restricted of free movement to prevent the spread of contagious disease.

Question 14

Antiseptic

Answer 14

Capable of preventing infection by inhabiting the growth of microorganism.

Question 15

Immunity

Answer 15

The ability of an organism to resist disease by the activity of antibodies produced by natural exposure, inoculation or from breast milk.

Question 16

Vaccination

Answer 16

Inoculation with a vaccine in order to protect against a particular disease.

Question 17

Epidemic

Answer 17

An outbreak of a contagious disease that spreads rapidly and widely.

Question 18

Examples of Viruses

Answer 18

AIDS

Influenza

Question 19

Infectious

Answer 19

Disease caused by pathogens that can be caught.

Question 20

Non-infectious

Answer 20

Disease caused by pathogens and cannot be caught.

Question 21

Staphylococcus

Answer 21

Clumped circles of bacteria

Question 22

Size of pathogens in ascending order

Answer 22

Prions
Viruses
Bacteria
Protozoans
Fungi
Macro parasites

Question 23

Examples of prions

Answer 23

Mad cow disease
Kuru
Insomnia

Question 24

Allergen

Answer 24

A substance that triggers an abnormal reaction of the immune system that occurs in response to a normally harmless substance

Question 25

Vaccine

Answer 25

A preparation of a weekend or dead pathogen that upon inoculation stimulates antibody production hence immunity against that particular pathogen.

Question 26

Antigen

Answer 26

Any substance that stimulates the production of antibodies

Question 27

Streptococcus

Answer 27

Circles in a line of bacteria

Question 28

Examples of macro parasites

Answer 28

Head lice | Fleas

Question 29

Examples of bacteria

Answer 29

Leprosy | Meningitis

Question 30

Vector

Answer 30

An organism that carries disease-causing microorganisms from one host to another

Question 31

Bacilli

Answer 31

Single rod shaped bacteria

Question 32

Killer T cells

Answer 32

Destroy cells that are infected by viruses or bacteria.

Question 33

Host

Answer 33

The organism on or in which another organism lives

Question 34

Non-contagious

Answer 34

Infectious diseases that require a special mode of transmission between hosts. A vector species, direct blood contact or sexual contact.

Question 35

B Lymphocytes

Answer 35

Produces antibodies against the pathogen | Memory B cells can quickly produce the antibody

Question 36

Edward Jenner

Answer 36

Discovered a vaccine for the smallpox when he noticed that milk maids got cowpox and therefore did no develop smallpox.

Question 37

Louis Pasteur

Answer 37

Discovered that old bacteria was too weak to cause disease but when you then injected the same chicken with fresh bacteria it was immune to it.

Question 38

Frank McEarlane Burnett

Answer 38

Proved that the contamination of vaccines was killing children not the vaccine itself. He developed an influenza vaccine and proved that myxomatosis did not effect humans.

Question 39

Professor Peter Doherty

Answer 39

He described the way the immune system recognises virus-infected cells.