Science (planet earth 🌎)

Question 1

What are minerals?

Answer 1

Naturally occuring, inorganic solids that are the building blocks of rocks.

Question 2

How are minerals, elements, and rocks related?

Answer 2

Rocks are made of minerals, minerals are made of elements and compounds (or in other words: Rocks → Minerals → Elements)

Question 3

What are the 6 properties of minerals? Explain each one and write an example of each.

Answer 3

Colour : what does it look like (ex: gold is gold coloured)
Lustre: shininess (can be metallic, glassy, waxy)
Hardness: measured with the Mohś hardness scale (try to scratch the mineral with harder and harder materials until it can be scratched)
Crystal shape: each mineral has a distinct and specific shape its crystals form (cubic, hexagonal)
Streak: scratch the mineral against a ceramic tile and look at the colour of the powdered residue left behind (ex: gold streaks gold)
Cleavage/Fracture: how a mineral breaks (if it breaks in straight lines, it has cleavage. If it breaks in jagged edges, it has fracture)

Question 4

What is the softest and hardest mineral?

Answer 4

Softest - Talc
Hardest - Diamond

Question 5

What are the 4 layers of the earth starting from the surface and moving inward toward the center?

Answer 5

Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core

Question 6

Which layers of the earth are solid?

Answer 6

Crust and the inner core

Question 7

Which layers of the earth aren’t solid?

Answer 7

Mantle (semi-solid) and outer core (liquid)

Question 8

Which layer is the thinnest and which ones the thickest?

Answer 8

Thinnest - Crust
Thickest - Mantle

Question 9

What is the main difference between inner and outer cores?

Answer 9

Outer core = liquid, inner core = solid, inner core is hotter

Question 10

What are some sudden earth events that can change the surface of the earth rapidly?

Answer 10

Earthquake, volcanic eruption, tsunami, landslide, tornado, hurricane, etc.

Question 11

What causes an earthquake?

Answer 11

When plates in the earthś crust move past each other, sometimes they get caught and energy builds up. Pressure builds. When the plates finally break, they slide and release the pressure and energy in the form of waves.

Question 12

How is an earthquake measured?

Answer 12

Richter Scale

Question 13

What is the machine that is used to detect an earthquake called?

Answer 13

Seismograph

Question 14

What 2 processes cause the most change to the surface of the earth?

Answer 14

Weathering and erosion

Question 15

What is weathering?

Answer 15

Breaking rocks down into smaller pieces

Question 16

How does Sedimentary rock go to metamorphic rock?

Answer 16

Heat and preassure

Question 17

What is erosion?

Answer 17

Transporting weathered material away from their original location

Question 18

What are 4 of the most common ways that erosion takes place?

Answer 18

Wind, water, ice and gravity

Question 19

What are the 3 rock families?

Answer 19

Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic

Question 21

What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive?

Answer 21

Intrusive = formed from magma, below the surface, Extrusive = formed from lava, above the surface.

Question 22

What is the difference between lava and magma?

Answer 22

Lava outside a volcano, magma when it is inside

Question 23

Which one cools faster lava or magma?

Answer 23

Lava

Question 24

What is strata?

Answer 24

A rock that has visible layers formed by squeezing of sediments. Strata appear like stripes.

Question 25

Which type of rock are you observing if you see strata?

Answer 25

Sedimentary

Question 26

What is parent rock?

Answer 26

The original rock

Question 27

Which type of rock involves a change happening to a parent rock?

Answer 27

Metamorphic

Question 28

Which type of rock is most often found on the surface of the earth?

Answer 28

Sedimintary

Question 29

Which types of rock are usually found deep underground?

Answer 29

Metamorphic & Igneous

Question 30

What processes can change any type of rock into sediments?

Answer 30

Weathering and erosion