Planet Earth Unit Exam Study Guide

Question 1

How are rocks, elements, and minerals related?

Answer 1

Rocks are made out of minerals and minerals are made out of elements.

Question 2

What are the 6 properties of minerals?

Answer 2

Color, luster, hardness, crystal shape, streak, cleavage/fracture

Question 3

How are sedimentary rocks formed? (What are the 2 methods?)

Answer 3

Compaction and cementation

Question 4

What are the layers in sedimentary rocks called?

Answer 4

Strata

Question 5

How are igneous rocks formed?

Answer 5

Cooling Magma

Question 6

What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rock?

Answer 6

Intrusive = formed from magma, below the surface, Extrusive = formed from lava, above the surface.

Question 7

What do weathering and erosion have in common?

Answer 7

They both help break down rocks

Question 8

What are the three types of weathering?

Answer 8

Physical, chemical and biological

Question 9

List and describe the layers of the earth from the surface to the very center of the earth.

Answer 9

Crust, Mantle, outer core and inner core.
Crust - Solid
Mantle - Semi Solid
Outer Core - Liquid
Inner Core - Solid

Question 10

Give 3 examples of sudden changes to the earth’s surface.

Answer 10

Volcano Eruption, Earthquake and tornado.

Question 11

What causes plates of the crust to move?

Answer 11

Continental drift

Question 12

What are 3 types of fault line?

Answer 12

Normal fault, Reverse fault and Strike-slip fault

Question 13

How can we classify mountains?

Answer 13

Young mountains have pointy tops and old mountains has rounded tops.

Question 14

What are fossils?

Answer 14

Fossils are traces of plants and animals that has left a marked in the ground.

Question 15

What are the conditions that are necessary for fossil formation?

Answer 15

Organisms must contain hard parts such as bones, teeth, cartilage, or shells.

Question 16

What parts of an organism are most likely to become fossilized?

Answer 16

The hard parts of organisms, such as bones, shells, and teeth.

Question 17

Approximately how old is the earth according to scientists?

Answer 17

4.54 billion years old

Question 18

What are the 4 main eras of the earth’s time from oldest to most recent?

Answer 18

The four main ERAS are, from oldest to youngest: Precambrian, Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic.