Science - Part 3

Question 1

density

Answer 1

mass per volume

but is constant for a substnace, so it is considered an intensive property

Question 2

chemical properties

Answer 2

chemical reactivity of a substance
breaking/creation of bonds
have different intesnive properties

Question 3

why are polar and nonpolar bonds important

Answer 3

they can create partial charges on molecules, making them attractive or repulsive

Question 4

hydrogen bond

Answer 4

bond used in water to attract oxygen/hydrogen

makes the surface tension in water and high heat capacity

Question 5

special properties of water

Answer 5

• surface tension
• universal solvent
• high heat capacity
• solid is less dense than liquid, solid takes up more volume

Question 6

how do ions move in and out of cells

Answer 6

through ion channels with concentraion gradients

Question 7

osmosis

Answer 7

diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane

Question 8

0 kelvin to celcius

Answer 8

aka absolute zero

-273 celcuus

Question 9

heat vs temp measurements

Answer 9

heat- calories or jo0ules, think moelcules moving faster or slower
temp- degrees, think hot or cold

Question 10

what does the phase of substance depend on

Answer 10

temp and pressure

Question 11

triple point

Answer 11

the temp and pressure at which solid, liquid, and gas phases of a pure substance co exist

Question 12

sublimination

Answer 12

the transition of a substance from solid to gas without passing through a liquid state

Question 13

deposition

Answer 13

the transition of a substance from gas to solid wihtout passing through the liquid state

Question 14

critical point

Answer 14

point where the substance coexisits in both its liquid and gas state

Question 15

phase diagram

Answer 15

graph of physical states insubstances under varying temperature and pressure

Question 16

chemical reacton

Answer 16

process that exchanges one bonding arrangment among atoms for a different bonding arrangemnt

Question 17

molecule

Answer 17

two or more atoms

Question 18

compound

Answer 18

any molecule that containts 2+ elements
compounds: H20, C02, NaCL
not compounds: O2

Question 19

reactans

Answer 19

substances you start with in a chemical reaction, usually on the left side

Question 20

products

Answer 20

things that are formed in a chemcial reaction, usually on the right side

Question 21

things that affect chemical reactions

Answer 21

• the actual reactants
• concentration of reactants
• temp
• pressure
• ph
• catalysts

Question 22

single replacement reactions

Answer 22

AB + C > A + CB

one element is substituted for another element in a compound

Question 23

double replaement reactions

Answer 23

AB + CD > AD + CB

cations switch places forming two new ionic compounds

Question 24

bond between metals and nonmetals

Answer 24

ionic bond

Question 25

electronegativity

Answer 25

the tendenccy of an atom to attract electrons

Question 26

synthesis reaction

Answer 26

two different substances combine to form a more complex product

Question 27

decomposition reaction

Answer 27

the complex product is brown into its parts

Question 28

oxidation-reduction reactions (redox)

Answer 28

transfer of electrons between two chemical species basis for rust, combustion, and energy formation in cells the thing that gains the electron becomes reduced the thing that loses electrons becomes oxidized number of electrons does not change in redox reactions

Question 29

combustion

Answer 29

a type of redox reation in which O2 and a little bit of heat or energy convert a substance to CO2 and H20 while generating a lot of heat this is how gas powers a car and how our bodies make ATP

Question 30

acid

Answer 30

a compound that has a tendency to transfer a proton to another molecule

Question 31

base

Answer 31

a comound that has a tendency to accept a proton

Question 32

acid-base reaction

Answer 32

a type of double displacement reaction in which a proton (H+) and hydroxide ion (OH-) combine to fomr H20

Question 33

question for acid base

Answer 33

Acid + Base > Salt + Water | or HA + BOH > AB + H20

Question 34

pH scale

Answer 34

the measure of the H+ concentration in an aqueous soltion pH= -log[H+] goes from 1 to 10, with a 10x increase everytime

Question 35

acid pH scale

Answer 35

<7

Question 36

base pH scale

Answer 36

>7

Question 37

neutral pH scale

Answer 37

exactly 7

Question 38

volume

Answer 38

amount of space that an object occupies

Question 39

volume formula

Answer 39

l x w x h | answer is cubed

Question 40

liter to cm

Answer 40

1000 cm cubed

Question 41

micro

Answer 41

1,000,000th | um= micrometer

Question 42

mili

Answer 42

one thousandth | mm= milimeter

Question 43

centi

Answer 43

one hundreth | cm= centimeter

Question 44

deca

Answer 44

ten | dam = decameter

Question 45

hecta

Answer 45

one hundred | hm=hectameter

Question 46

kilo

Answer 46

1000 | km = kilometer

Question 47

tools to measure mass

Answer 47

triple beam balance & electronic balance

Question 48

what do you use to measure volume in a lab

Answer 48

flasks or cylinders

Question 49

where do you look for accuracy in a pipette

Answer 49

meniscus, the bottom of the currve of the lliquid

Question 50

formual for distance

Answer 50

distane = speed of soundxtime

Question 51

what is the speed of sound

Answer 51

1500m/s

Question 52

data

Answer 52

collection of information

Question 53

empirical data

Answer 53

collected by observation through the senses rather than being theoretical or otheriwse not derived from experience collected without controls usually the starting point

Question 54

experiement

Answer 54

systematic procedure used to test a hypothesis aka controlled experiement must be reproducible

Question 55

conclusions

Answer 55

end judgemens based on data

Question 56

hypothesis

Answer 56

an informed, logical, and plausible explanation of observations made about the natural world, which serves as the basis for additional experimentation

Question 57

what stimulates production of antibodies

Answer 57

vaccines

Question 58

what results from a defecit of thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Answer 58

the thyroid gland does not produce enough of its primary hormone

Question 59

if mineral reabsroption is prevented and calcium is not removed from bone, what happens?

Answer 59

hypocaclemia | blood plasma is low on calcium

Question 60

what does acetylcholine do at the neuromuscular joint

Answer 60

binds to receptor proteins on the sarcolemma, which results in opening the sodium channels

Question 61

which hormone deals with osteoblasts and oseteoclasts

Answer 61

parathyroid hormone