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TEAS > Science - Part 3 > Flashcards

Science - Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

density

A

mass per volume

but is constant for a substnace, so it is considered an intensive property

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2
Q

chemical properties

A

chemical reactivity of a substance
breaking/creation of bonds
have different intesnive properties

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3
Q

why are polar and nonpolar bonds important

A

they can create partial charges on molecules, making them attractive or repulsive

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4
Q

hydrogen bond

A

bond used in water to attract oxygen/hydrogen

makes the surface tension in water and high heat capacity

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5
Q

special properties of water

A
  • surface tension
  • universal solvent
  • high heat capacity
  • solid is less dense than liquid, solid takes up more volume
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6
Q

how do ions move in and out of cells

A

through ion channels with concentraion gradients

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7
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane

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8
Q

0 kelvin to celcius

A

aka absolute zero

-273 celcuus

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9
Q

heat vs temp measurements

A

heat- calories or jo0ules, think moelcules moving faster or slower
temp- degrees, think hot or cold

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10
Q

what does the phase of substance depend on

A

temp and pressure

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11
Q

triple point

A

the temp and pressure at which solid, liquid, and gas phases of a pure substance co exist

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12
Q

sublimination

A

the transition of a substance from solid to gas without passing through a liquid state

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13
Q

deposition

A

the transition of a substance from gas to solid wihtout passing through the liquid state

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14
Q

critical point

A

point where the substance coexisits in both its liquid and gas state

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15
Q

phase diagram

A

graph of physical states insubstances under varying temperature and pressure

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16
Q

chemical reacton

A

process that exchanges one bonding arrangment among atoms for a different bonding arrangemnt

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17
Q

molecule

A

two or more atoms

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18
Q

compound

A

any molecule that containts 2+ elements
compounds: H20, C02, NaCL
not compounds: O2

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19
Q

reactans

A

substances you start with in a chemical reaction, usually on the left side

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20
Q

products

A

things that are formed in a chemcial reaction, usually on the right side

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21
Q

things that affect chemical reactions

A
  • the actual reactants
  • concentration of reactants
  • temp
  • pressure
  • ph
  • catalysts
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22
Q

single replacement reactions

A

AB + C > A + CB

one element is substituted for another element in a compound

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23
Q

double replaement reactions

A

AB + CD > AD + CB

cations switch places forming two new ionic compounds

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24
Q

bond between metals and nonmetals

A

ionic bond

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25
Q

electronegativity

A

the tendenccy of an atom to attract electrons

26
Q

synthesis reaction

A

two different substances combine to form a more complex product

27
Q

decomposition reaction

A

the complex product is brown into its parts

28
Q

oxidation-reduction reactions (redox)

A

transfer of electrons between two chemical species
basis for rust, combustion, and energy formation in cells
the thing that gains the electron becomes reduced
the thing that loses electrons becomes oxidized
number of electrons does not change in redox reactions

29
Q

combustion

A

a type of redox reation in which O2 and a little bit of heat or energy convert a substance to CO2 and H20 while generating a lot of heat
this is how gas powers a car and how our bodies make ATP

30
Q

acid

A

a compound that has a tendency to transfer a proton to another molecule

31
Q

base

A

a comound that has a tendency to accept a proton

32
Q

acid-base reaction

A

a type of double displacement reaction in which a proton (H+) and hydroxide ion (OH-) combine to fomr H20

33
Q

question for acid base

A

Acid + Base > Salt + Water

or HA + BOH > AB + H20

34
Q

pH scale

A

the measure of the H+ concentration in an aqueous soltion
pH= -log[H+]
goes from 1 to 10, with a 10x increase everytime

35
Q

acid pH scale

A

<7

36
Q

base pH scale

A

> 7

37
Q

neutral pH scale

A

exactly 7

38
Q

volume

A

amount of space that an object occupies

39
Q

volume formula

A

l x w x h

answer is cubed

40
Q

liter to cm

A

1000 cm cubed

41
Q

micro

A

1,000,000th

um= micrometer

42
Q

mili

A

one thousandth

mm= milimeter

43
Q

centi

A

one hundreth

cm= centimeter

44
Q

deca

A

ten

dam = decameter

45
Q

hecta

A

one hundred

hm=hectameter

46
Q

kilo

A

1000

km = kilometer

47
Q

tools to measure mass

A

triple beam balance & electronic balance

48
Q

what do you use to measure volume in a lab

A

flasks or cylinders

49
Q

where do you look for accuracy in a pipette

A

meniscus, the bottom of the currve of the lliquid

50
Q

formual for distance

A

distane = speed of soundxtime

51
Q

what is the speed of sound

A

1500m/s

52
Q

data

A

collection of information

53
Q

empirical data

A

collected by observation through the senses rather than being theoretical or otheriwse not derived from experience
collected without controls
usually the starting point

54
Q

experiement

A

systematic procedure used to test a hypothesis
aka controlled experiement
must be reproducible

55
Q

conclusions

A

end judgemens based on data

56
Q

hypothesis

A

an informed, logical, and plausible explanation of observations made about the natural world, which serves as the basis for additional experimentation

57
Q

what stimulates production of antibodies

A

vaccines

58
Q

what results from a defecit of thyrotropin-releasing hormone

A

the thyroid gland does not produce enough of its primary hormone

59
Q

if mineral reabsroption is prevented and calcium is not removed from bone, what happens?

A

hypocaclemia

blood plasma is low on calcium

60
Q

what does acetylcholine do at the neuromuscular joint

A

binds to receptor proteins on the sarcolemma, which results in opening the sodium channels

61
Q

which hormone deals with osteoblasts and oseteoclasts

A

parathyroid hormone

TEAS (5 decks)

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