Science parcial 3 quiz Flashcards
What are biotic factors
All living things within an ecosystem
What are abiotic factors
They are non-living things (e.g. water, sunlight, food)
What is symbiosis
Symbiosis is a term drived from greek meaning “living together” In biology it refers to a close long term interaction between two different species.These interactions can have variouse effects on the organisms involved.
What are the 3 main types of symbiotic relationships ?
Mutualism, commensalism, parasitism.
What is Mutualism?
Its is a type of symbiotic relationship in which both participating species benefit from their interaction ( e.g. bees and flowers (pollination))
What is Commensalism?
Its a type of symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits from the interaction while the other organism in neither helped nor harmed. ( e.g. A remora fish attaches to a shark).
What is Parasitism?
Its a type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism (the parasite) benefits at the expense of another organism (the host). (e.g. flees on a dog).
What are other types of interactions?
Competition and predation
What is matter cycling in ecosystems?
Matter cycling in ecosystems means that important nutrients like water, carbon, and nitrogen keep moving between plants, animals, and the environment. This helps nature stay balanced and keeps living things healthy.
Energy is NOT matter
unlike energy which flows through an ecosystem and is eventually lost as heat, matter is constantly recycled.
What does CHONPS stand for?
Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen. Phosphorus, Sulfur.
How is the water cycle?
Water evaporates from oceans, lakes, and plants( evaporation, transpiration) it condenses into clouds and falls as precipitation. water collects in bodys of water and infiltrates the ground, were it can be used by humans, plants and animals.
How is the carbon cycle?
Plants absorb Co2 that is in the atmosphere during photosynthesis and convert it into sugars. Animals eat plants that release CO2 back into the air through respiration.Decomposers break down dead organisms returning carbon into the soil.
How is the nitrogen cycle?
Most nitrogen is in the air, but plants can’t use
it directly.
Special bacteria convert nitrogen into forms
that plants can absorb (nitrogen fixation).
Animals get nitrogen by eating plants.
When organisms die or produce waste,
decomposers return nitrogen to the soil, and
other bacteria release it back into the
atmosphere.
How is the Phosporus cycle
Phosphorus is a key nutrient for DNA, ATP (energy molecule), and cell membranes.
Unlike carbon or nitrogen, phosphorus does not cycle through the atmosphere. Instead, it moves through
rocks, soil, water, and living organisms.
Weathering of rocks releases phosphate into the soil, where plants absorb it.
Animals get phosphorus by eating plants. When organisms die, decomposers return phosphorus to the soil
or water.
Human activities, like fertilizer use, can disrupt the phosphorus cycle, leading to issues like algal blooms in
water bodies.
How is the Oxygen cylce?
Plants release oxygen into the
atmosphere during photosynthesis.
Animals and humans use oxygen for
cellular respiration, converting
oxygen into carbon dioxide.
Oxygen is also cycled through
water and soil, where it supports
aquatic life and decomposition
processes.
How is the sulfer cycle?
Sulfur is essential for proteins and vitamins in all living organisms.
It is found in rocks, deep-sea vents, and the atmosphere (released by volcanoes
and fossil fuel combustion).
Bacteria play a key role in converting sulfur into usable forms for plants.
Human activities, such as burning coal, release sulfur dioxide (SO₂), which can
lead to acid rain.
What is reasorce availability?
its the amount of food, water, shelter, and other necesities in an enviroment.
More Resources=?
Population growth, better health
Fewer Resources =?
Competition, starvation, decline
Carrying Capacity=?
Max number of organisms an environment can support
Limiting Factors
Water, food, space, shelter
Biodiversity=?
Variety of life in an ecosystem
Regulating Services=?
Clean air, climate control
Provisioning Services =?
Food, water, medicine
