Science: Muscles & Bones - ch.3.5

Question 1

3 main functions of the skeleton

Answer 1

• Support
• Protection
• Movement

Question 2

Axial skeleton

Answer 2

• 80 bones
• Protects organs
• skull, vertebral column, ribs

Question 3

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 3

• 126 bones
• Allows movement
• arms and legs

Question 4

Bones

Answer 4

• Structures that makes up the skeleton
• They are lightweight and living

Question 5

Compact bone

Answer 5

• makes up the outer layer of the bone
• dense and heavy which gives the bone its strength

Question 6

Spongy bone

Answer 6

• Light and honeycombed inner part of the bone
• Filled with bone marrow

Question 7

Bone shaft

Answer 7

Long bones have a cavity that carries blood vessels

Question 8

Bone marrow

Answer 8

A jelly-like material that produces blood cells

Question 9

Joint

Answer 9

Where 2 bones are in contact

Question 10

What is cartilage?

Answer 10

A smooth slippery material that covers the ends of bones

Question 11

What is the function of cartilage?

Answer 11

It helps cushion the impact of movement

Question 12

Synovial fluid

Answer 12

• Lubricates the bone ends
• Allows them to slide over each other freely

Question 13

Hinge joint movement

Answer 13

Allows movement in only one plane (backwards and forwards)

Question 14

Hinge joint example

Answer 14

Elbow joints, knee joints, fingers

Question 15

Ball-and-socket joint bones

Answer 15

One bone has a ball shaped surface that fits into a cup-shaped socket in the other bone

Question 16

Ball-and-socket joint movement

Answer 16

The bone with a ball can complete all types of movement

Question 17

Ball-and-socket joint example

Answer 17

Hip and shoulder joints

Question 18

Pivot joint bones

Answer 18

Moves by a ring- shaped bone turning around another bone shaped like a finger

Question 19

Pivot joint movement

Answer 19

Allows a wide range of movement

Question 20

Pivot joint example

Answer 20

Neck and head

Question 21

Saddle joint movement

Answer 21

Allows movement in both directions

Question 22

Saddle joint example

Answer 22

Base of thumb, ankle

Question 23

Ligaments

Answer 23

flexible tissue that hold the bones in a joint together

Question 24

Tendons

Answer 24

Elastic tissue that attaches muscles to bones

Question 25

Antagonistic pairs

Answer 25

Muscles that work in opposition to each other to return the bone to its original position

Question 26

Antagonistic pairs example

Answer 26

Biceps and triceps

Question 27

Muscles

Answer 27

Tissues that are able to contract/be stretched