Science MidYear Flashcards
What is an independant variable?
What you choose to investigate
What is an dependant variable?
What I choose to measure
What affects a rate of reaction?
Temperature, surface area, number of catalysts
Define the term ‘rate of reaction’
How quick a product is formed and the speed with which the reactant is used up
Define the term ‘activational energy’
the minimum energy required for a reaction to occur
What happens in the rate of reaction when the temperature increases?
The particles gain more energy, which makes them move faster, causing them to collide more frequently and when the collide theyre more likely to reach the activation energy. So the rate of reaction increases
What is genotype?
the complete set of genes or genetic material of an organism
What is phenotype?
Your physical appearance
What is an allele?
Different versions of a gene
What are the advantages of selective breeding?
-You breed organisms that have the characteristics you want (FOR EG: Pest resistance, sweeter fruit
-Make it more adaptive to the climate (FOR EG: drought resistance)
-Get rid of characteristics which you dont want
What are the disadvantages of selective breeding?
-Time consuming
-May produce unwanted characteristics
-Is dependant on humans, some people object to it
What is selective breeding?
When humans choose parents to breed together because they have the desired characteristics and they’ll produce offspring (babies) with the desired characteristics
List 3 characteristics that are genetically controlled
-Eye colour
-Hair colour
-Blood type
-Earlobes
-Dimples
List 3 characteristics that are environmentally controlled
-Language you speak
-Your diet
-Physical Fitness
-Religion
-Tatoos
List 3 characteristics that are genetically and environmentally controlled
-Height
-Weight
-Skin tone
Describe the steps of genetic engineering
- Identify the gene you want with the characteristic you want
2.Cut out the gene using enzymes
3.Copy the gene
4.Insert the gene into the DNA of of another organism
5.Grow the new organism to test if it has the characteristic you want
6.Test the new organism
Advantages and Disadvantages of Genetic Engineering
Advantages
-Faster than selective breeding
-You can create better crops and food
-Treat diseases
Disadvantages
-Expensive
-It can lead to unexpected results
-Reduce the diversity of plants and animals
Describe the process of cloning
1.Choose 2 cells (one from the organism you want to clone and the other from an animal of the same species (with egg cell))
2.Remove the nucleas from the egg cell
3.Add the nucleas to the empty egg cell
4.Give an eletric shock to egg cell so it starts dividing
5.Place the eggs inside an animal
6.Clone is born
What are the advantages and disadvantages of cloning
Advantages
-Treat diseases
-Save animals who are going extinct
-Make exact copies of animals and plants
Disadvantages
-Risk of people not using it right
-Health problems for clones
What is genetic engineering?
Genetic engineering is the process of changing the DNA of an organism to give it new traits
