Science Mid Term Flashcards
The ability to make its own food through a process called, photosynthesis
autotroph
tissue uses for transporting materials
vascular
The source of energy for most autotrophs
the sun
which group of organisms includes only multicellular heterotrophs
animals
which of the following do all living things need to survive
water
homeostasis refers to an organism’s ability to
maintain stable internal conditions
What captures energy from sunlight during photosynthesis
chlorophyll in chloroplasts
What do fungi have in common with animals
they are heterotrophs
animal like protists are
heterotrophs
what are viruses like parasites
they harm the cell they enter
what process results in genetically different bacteria
conjugation
Binary fission is the bacterial process of
asexual reproduction
all plants are
eukaryotes
vascular plants differ from nonvascular plants in
how they transport materials
What happens in the phloem
food moves down from leaves
Gasses pass in and out of a leaf through the
stomata
an organism’s scientific name consists of
its genus name and its species name
The more classification levels that two organisms share
the more characteristics they have in common
The gradual change of a species over time is called
evolution
Which name does NOT represent Domain
chordata
Which organism NOT belong in the same class as the other
wolf
bat
shark
whale
A change in an organism’s surroundings that causes it to react is called
stimulus
True or False
in the name Acer Rubrum, the word rubrum designates the species
true
True or False
Mushrooms, molds, and mildew are members of the plant kingdom
False- they are fungi
A heterotroph is an organism that cannot make its own food
true
one reason that viruses are considered to be nonliving is that they are not made of protein
false- cells
An organism reacts to a stimulus with a ________
response
A __________ organism is a living thing that is composed of many cells
multicellular
Organisms that cannot make their own food are called
heterotrophs
An organism’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite changes in its surroundings is called ___________
homeostasis
What is the function of a cell membrane
to control what enters and leaves the cell
which organelle is the control center of a cell
nucleus
the “powerhouses” of the cell that converts energy stored in food to energy the cell can use is called
mitochondria
What organelle in the cells of plants captures energy from sunlight
chloroplasts
A process that requires energy to move particles out of a cell is called
exocytosis (kind of like “exit”- moves particles out)
Which term refers to the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane?
osmosis
which term refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using the cells energy
passive transport
which term refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using the cells energy
passive transport
Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory
all cells are produced from other cells
what is the function of a cell wall
to protect and support the cell
which organelles store food and other materials needed by the cell
vacuoles
specialized cells are found only in
many celled (multicellular) organisms
the invention of the microscope made it possible for people to discover
cells
which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory
that only animals are composed of cells
(all living things are composed of cells)
what does the term resolution refer to
how sharp or clear an image is
True or False
the process called exocytosis allows large food particles to be brought into cells
False- endocytosis
true or false
in active transport, cells use energy to move materials through a cell membrane
true
true or false
small grainlike bodies called lysosomes produce proteins inside calls
false- ribosomes
diffusion in a process by which materials move from an area of high concentration to an area of ________________
low concentration
cells are the basic units of structure and _____________ in all living things
function
the tiny structures found inside cells that carry out specific functions are called _____________
organelles
Only plants cells have
chloroplasts
a vacuole is used to store….
food, water and other materials
Mitochondrion convert energy in food molecules into…
energy the cell can use
The nucleus stores all the cells…
genetic material- DNA
The cell membrane does what?
supports and protects the cell
what are the products of photosynthesis
oxygen and sugars
how does photosynthesis benefit heterotrophs
it creates food they can eat
the state of respiration that releases most of the energy in glucose occurs in the
mitochondria
how are photosynthesis and respiration related
they have opposite equations
the energy releasing process that does not require oxygen is called
fermentation
mitosis is the stage of the cell cycle during which
the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei
the source of energy for most autotrophs is
the sun
what happens during the respiration
glucose is broken down, releasing energy
under which of the following conditions is lactic acid fermentation most likely to occur
a very fast run
a long walk
sleeping
playing video games
a very fast run
during what stage of the cell cycle that follows mitosis is called
cytokinesis
during what state of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur
interphase
in which of these does alcoholic fermentation occur
yeast
The nuclear membrane reforms around the DNA in the last phase of mitosis called the
telophase
what happens during cytokinesis in animal cells
a new round of mitosis begins
two new daughter cells are formed
each organelle divides into two parts
a cell plate forms in the middle of the cell
two new daughter cells are formed
what happens during photosynthesis
the cell uses the energy in sunlight to make food
the state of the cell cycle that lasts the longest is called
the interphase
in which phase does the nuclear membrane break apart
prophase
True or false
plants use energy from the sun to produce carbon dioxide and sugars
false- produces oxygen
True or false
a heterotroph is an organism that cannot make its own food
true
true or false
organelles that use every from sunlight to produce food are called mitochondria
False- chloroplasts
True or false
the products of respiration are energy, carbon dioxide, and water
true
true or false
most of the cell cycle is spent in the stage called mitosis
false- its called interphase
during respiration which molecules are first broken down in the cytoplasm
glucose
an autotroph uses water and _________ along with sunlight to produce food
carbon dioxide
the final state of the cell cycle, during which the cytoplasm divides, is called
cytokenesis
chloroplasts contain a pigment called
chlorophyll
Messages are carried back and forth between the brain and other parts of the body by
nerve tissue
which type of human body tissue can contract/ shorten
muscle tissue
which of the following are NOT amount the six nutrients needed by the body
enzymes
fats
minerals
water
enzymes
what of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system
obtaining oxygen
eliminating undigested wastes from the body
breaking down food into molecules that the body can use
absorbing food molecules into the blood
obtaining oxygen
what substance in the mouth contains an enzyme that begins chemical digestion
saliva
the process in which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules is called
digestion
A change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react is called
stimulus
Which nutrient is needed in order for all body processes to take place
water
the process by which an organism’s internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment is called
homeostasis
which of the following is NOT a function of the skeleton
providing shape and support for the body
obtaining oxygen
protecting internal organs
producing blood cells
obtaining oxygen
Which type of tissue lines your digestive track and allows you to digest and absorb the nutrients from food
epithelial
Which process takes place in the large intestine
water is reabsorbed (removed) from undigested food
what process involves muscle contractions that move food through the esophagus
peristalsis
In what part of the body does most chemical digestion take place
small intestine
the endocrine system acts on the body through chemical products called
hormones
what nutrients are made up of amino acids
proteins
True or false
Tissues perform MORE complex jobs that organs
False
Tissue performs LESS complex job than organs
True or false
Digestion begins in the stomach
False
it begins in the mouth
True or False
Getting up when the bell rings is an example of response
true
True or false
the brain and spinal cord are part of the skeletal system
False
Brain and spinal cord are apart of the nervous system
Homeostasis can be upset by __________
stress
which is the body and mind’s reaction to a threatening, challenging, or disturbing event.
Sugar is an example of a simple
carbohydrate
Fat is one type of _________ tissue
connective
Solid nutrients that are not made by living things
vitamins and minerals
