Science Medical

Question 1

Infectious

Answer 1

Refers to a disease that can be spread to other people through the environment.

Question 2

Non-infectious

Answer 2

Refers to a disease that cannot be spread to other people through the environment.

Question 3

Disease

Answer 3

A disorder of structure or function in an organism.

Question 4

Pathogen

Answer 4

Anything that causes an infectious disease; it is usually microscopic but can be macroscopic (visible with the naked eye).

Question 5

Virus

Answer 5

A nucleic acid in a protein coat that is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host.

Question 6

Bacteria

Answer 6

Unicellular organism with a cell wall but no nucleus.

Question 7

Fungus

Answer 7

Unicellular or multicellular organism with a cell wall and nucleus but no chloroplasts.

Question 8

Macroparasite

Answer 8

A parasite that is visible with the naked eye.

Question 9

Host

Answer 9

An animal or plant that nourishes a parasite.

Question 10

Symptom

Answer 10

Outward evidence of disease, usually felt by the person, e.g. tiredness, pain, fever.

Question 10

Transmission

Answer 10

The transfer of a pathogen from one host to another.

Question 11

Vector

Answer 11

A carrier organism that transfers a pathogen from one host to another host of the same species.

Question 12

Fomite

Answer 12

A non-living object that can transfer a pathogen from one host to another of the same species.

Question 13

Antibiotic

Answer 13

A medicine that slows the growth or destroys bacteria.

Question 14

Inflammatory response

Answer 14

The body’s response to tissue injury in order to remove the cause, clear away dead cells and initiate tissue repair; characterised by pain, redness, swelling, warmth and loss of function.

Question 15

Phagocyte

Answer 15

Type of cell in the immune system capable of engulfing another cell.

Question 16

Antigen

Answer 16

A chemical, usually a protein, capable of triggering the immune response, especially the production of an antibody.

Question 17

Antibody

Answer 17

A specific protein that binds to a specific antigen that neutralises the antigen and leads to its destruction.

Question 18

Vaccination

Answer 18

Preventative treatment with an altered antigen in order to produce immunity against a disease.

Question 19

Endemic

Answer 19

Refers to a disease that is regularly found among a community or in a certain area.

Question 20

Epidemic

Answer 20

Occurrence of a disease from a common source in excess of what would be normally expected in a community or in a certain area.

Question 21

Pandemic

Answer 21

A worldwide epidemic.

Question 22

Outbreak

Answer 22

The sudden occurrence of a disease in a community or in a certain area in greater numbers than expected.

Question 23

Risk factor

Answer 23

Any characteristic of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease.

Question 24

Phagocytosis

Answer 24

The process of phagocytes breaking down pathogens.

Question 25

Pathogen

Answer 25

A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.

Question 26

Endocytosis

Answer 26

When the pathogen enters the arm like projections.

Question 27

Phagosome

Answer 27

Formed when the phagocyte fully engulfs pathogen.

Question 28

Lysosome

Answer 28

The bag of digestive enzymes within the phagocyte.

Question 29

Phagolysosome

Answer 29

When the lysosome fuses with the phagosome to release enzymes.

Question 30

Exocytosis

Answer 30

When the pathogen remains leave the phagolysosome. (Exit)

Question 31

Lymphocytes

Answer 31

White blood cells in 3rd Line of Defence.

Question 32

B-lymphocyte

Answer 32

A cell that, proliferates, creates memory cells and releases antibodies to neutralise the pathogen.

Question 33

Helper T-lymphocyte

Answer 33

A cell that, proliferates, creates memory cells and releases cytokines (chemical messages).