Science Inquiry

Question 1

Protection from harm (physical and psychological)

Question 2

Informed consent

Answer 2

Ensuring participants understand the nature and purpose of the experiment before agreeing to participate in the study

• requires written consent

Question 3

Withdrawal rights

Answer 3

Involves a participant being able to discontinue involvement in an experiment at any time during or after, without penalty

Question 4

Deception

Answer 4

Deception is only permissible when participants knowing the purpose of the experiment may affect their behaviour while participating in the study.

Question 5

Confidentiality

Answer 5

The privacy, protection, and security of a participant’s personal information

• anonymity in terms of personal details e.g removing any ways of identifying participant

Question 6

Privacy

Question 7

Voluntary participation

Answer 7

All participants are free to choose to participate without any pressure or coercion

Question 8

Debriefing

Answer 8

Ensures that, at the end of the experiment, the participants leaves understanding the experiment aim, results and conclusions.

• offer support if necessary

Question 9

Observational

Question 10

Case study

Question 11

Correlational research design

Question 12

Longitudinal research design

Question 13

Cross-sectional research design

Question 14

Convenience sampling

Question 15

Snowballing sampling

Question 16

Random sampling

Question 17

Stratified sampling

Question 18

Random allocation (of participants)

Question 19

Extraneous variables

Question 20

Confounding variables

Question 21

Experimenter effect

Question 22

Demand characteristics

Answer 22

Cues that might indicate the research objectives to participants - leading to behaviour/response changes

Question 23

Single-blind procedures

Answer 23

A research procedure in which participants are unaware as to which group they are in/the true purpose of the research

Question 24

Standardisation of procedures and instructions

Answer 24

In every step of the research all the participants are treated in exactly the same way and so all have the same experience e.g a script is used

This is used to reduce extraneous variables

Question 25

Qualitative data

Answer 25

Data representing information and concepts that are not represented by numbers

Question 26

Quantitative data

Answer 26

Data that can be represented and measured numerically

Question 27

What are examples of qualitative data collection methods?

Answer 27

Interviews: focus group and individual, structured and semi-structured

Open-ended survey

Question 28

What are examples of quantitative data collection methods?

Answer 28

Objective physiological measures such as heart rate, breathing rate, and galvanic skin response

Subjective measures such as checklists and rating scales

Question 29

Subjective data

Answer 29

Anecdotal information from opinions, perceptions or experiences.

Question 30

Objective data

Answer 30

Factual data/information that can be measured

Question 31

Generalisability

Answer 31

The extent to which findings of a study can be applicable to a broader context