Science Inquiry Flashcards
Protection from harm (physical and psychological)
Informed consent
Ensuring participants understand the nature and purpose of the experiment before agreeing to participate in the study
- requires written consent
Withdrawal rights
Involves a participant being able to discontinue involvement in an experiment at any time during or after, without penalty
Deception
Deception is only permissible when participants knowing the purpose of the experiment may affect their behaviour while participating in the study.
Confidentiality
The privacy, protection, and security of a participant’s personal information
- anonymity in terms of personal details e.g removing any ways of identifying participant
Privacy
Voluntary participation
All participants are free to choose to participate without any pressure or coercion
Debriefing
Ensures that, at the end of the experiment, the participants leaves understanding the experiment aim, results and conclusions.
- offer support if necessary
Observational
Case study
Correlational research design
Longitudinal research design
Cross-sectional research design
Convenience sampling
Snowballing sampling
Random sampling
Stratified sampling
Random allocation (of participants)
Extraneous variables
Confounding variables
Experimenter effect
Demand characteristics
Cues that might indicate the research objectives to participants - leading to behaviour/response changes
Single-blind procedures
A research procedure in which participants are unaware as to which group they are in/the true purpose of the research
Standardisation of procedures and instructions
In every step of the research all the participants are treated in exactly the same way and so all have the same experience e.g a script is used
This is used to reduce extraneous variables
Qualitative data
Data representing information and concepts that are not represented by numbers
Quantitative data
Data that can be represented and measured numerically
What are examples of qualitative data collection methods?
Interviews: focus group and individual, structured and semi-structured
Open-ended survey
What are examples of quantitative data collection methods?
Objective physiological measures such as heart rate, breathing rate, and galvanic skin response
Subjective measures such as checklists and rating scales
Subjective data
Anecdotal information from opinions, perceptions or experiences.
Objective data
Factual data/information that can be measured
Generalisability
The extent to which findings of a study can be applicable to a broader context
