Science flahscards week 4 Flashcards
What does food do for the body?
Food provides the materials for energy, growth
and repair of tissues.
Whats a Calorie?
amount of energy needed to raise the
temperature of one gram of water by one degree
Celsius.
Whats a Metabolism?
represents the sum of all chemical
reactions that takes place within an organism.
What is nutrients?
substances in food that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all vital processes. There are six (6)
nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins,
minerals and water.
How much water in a Humans body?
60%-75%
What is Carbohydrate?
major source of quick
energy; provides the raw materials to make parts of cells
What is the function of fats?
Stores Energy
What is protein needed for?
needed for tissue growth and repair/maintenance
Why is vitamins and minerals needed ?
needed in small amounts to carry out chemical reactions.
Why is water so important?
water is important because the chemical reactions take place in water; blood flows
due to water; joints lubricated by water;
body temperature is regulated by water
(perspiration/sweat).
What does a Valve(veins) do?
prevents backflow (due to
lower blood pressure)
What are peacemakers?
sends out electrical signal to
heart; heart muscle contracts regularly.
What are the three types of Blood vessels?
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
What are arteries?
carries blood AWAY from heart.
what are veins?
carries blood to heart; has VALVES
What are capillaries?
tiny thread-like vessels for nutrient & waste exchange between blood and body cells.connect arterioles to veinuoles.
Whats a Atria?
upper chambers
that receives blood
What are Ventricles?
lower
chambers that pumps
blood away from
heart.
What does the right and left ventricle do?
The RIGHT VENTRICLE pumps blood to LUNGS LEFT VENTRICLE: pumps blood to
BODY (AORTA)
What is a blood composition?
(produced by red bone marrow)
plasma, red blood cells,
white blood cells, platelets; produced by the red bone marrow.
(produced by red bone marrow)
What is Plasma?
liquid part; 90% water, 10% nutrients
(glucose, fat, vitamins, minerals), waste: “CO2, water vapor”, proteins, chemical messengers.
What are red blood cells?
Red blood cells carries oxygen to the body cells.
What are white blood cells?
White blood cells are disease fighting cells.
What are platelets?
clot blood and produces fibrin protein.
What’s is a blood type?
surface molecules found on
red blood cells.
What are Rh factors?
also surface molecules found on red blood cells.
What are the 4 different blood types?
A,B,AB,O
What is the three alleles types?
A,B,O
What is the universal receiver?
AB
What is the universal Donor?
O
Whats a transfusion?
transfer of blood from one
organism to another organism; if blood
clumps, clogs capillaries, results in death
Whats a Lymphatic system?
cleans and returns fluid to Circulatory System.
What does a lymph contain?
contains water, glucose, white blood cells
What are lymph nodes?
traps invaders
microorganisms.
Whats A pulse?
expansion and relaxation of the artery wall.
Whats is a Diffusion?(osmosis)
movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
What is blood pressure?
caused by the contraction
of the heart’s ventricles. As blood moves away from the heart, blood pressure decreases.
What does the respiratory system do?
moves oxygen from
atmosphere to body cells; removes gaseous
waste
What is respiration?
Is the chemical reaction.
What is the function of breathing?
is the movement of air into and out of the lungs.
What is the function of the nose?
air enters through nostrils.
What is a pharynx?
throat; shared with digestive
system
what is the funcitin of Larynx?
voice box; vocal cords.
What is a trachea?
windpipe; tube from pharynx to
bronchus
What is an epiglottis?
trachea (windpipe) flap during
swallowing of food & liquids
What is a bronchi?
tube branches within lungs
What are the functions of the lungs
organ that transfers gases from the
environment
What is the function Alveoli?
grapelike structures at end of bronchioles surrounded by capillaries.
What is the Excretory System?
collects and removes
waste.
what is urology?
the study of the urine and the genitourinary tract in health and disease.
what is proctology?
The branch of medicine concerned with the anus and rectum.
what are the Excretory Organs?
kidneys, lungs, skin
ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
What are the functions of kidneys?
organ which removes liquid waste from the blood; a “filter”;
What is the function of Urea?
breakdown of protein
What is liquid waste?
urine (urea, water, other)
what’s an ureter?
tube which connects from kidneys to urinary bladder.
what is the function of an Urinary Bladder?
saclike muscular organ which stores urine.
What is an urethra?
tube which connects urinary bladder tob outside of body.
what are the 6 nutrients?
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins,
minerals and water.
What is Carbohydrates:?
major source of quick
energy; provides the raw materials to make parts of cells
What is the Cardiovascular System?
a tube (transport) system
which carries nutrients to body cells and carries away waste. Blood moves through these tubes carrying nutrients and waste as well as contains cells that fight disease.
What are Nephrons?
Tiny structures that remove waste from blood and produce urine.
What is an urinary bladder?
saclike muscular organ which stores urine.
What is urine?
a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals. Urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder. Urination results in urine being excreted from the body through the urethra.
what is excretion?
The elimination of waste products from the body.
What are ventricles?
structures that produce cerebrospinal fluid, and transport it around the cranial cavity.
What is an aorta?
the largest blood vessel in the body. They transport oxygen rich blood from your heart to the rest of your body.
what are atria?
he two upper chambers in the heart, which receive blood from the veins and push it into the ventricles.
what is the lungs function?
Allows us to breathe. Lungs bring oxygen into our bodies.
How does protein help the body?
Protein helps repair and build your body’s tissues.
