Science flahscards week 3 Flashcards
What is Evolution?
A physical change that takes place over time.
What is Adaptation?
An Adaptation is a beneficial change.
Do fish have a backbone?
Yes fish have a backbone
Whats a stimulus?
A signal that causes an organism to react in some way.
What is a response?
An organisms reaction to a stimulus.(All animal behaviors are caused by stimuli.)
what are two important functions of behavior?
Survival And reproduction.
What is an instinct?
Behavior without being taught.
What is learned behavior?
Change in behavior based on practice or experience.
What’s imprinting?
Newborn recognizes and follows the first moving object they see.
What is a conditioning stimulus?
A specific stimulus or response leads to a good or a bad outcome.
Whats a trial-and-error Learning?
repeated
practice that results in a reward and avoids
behaviors that result in a punishment.
what is an insight Learning?
using what you know
to solve a problem.using what you know
to solve a problem.
How do animals use communication?
animals use sounds,
scents, body movements to communicate.
What is Pheromone?
a chemical released by one
animal that affects the behavior of another
animal of the same species
What is Aggression?
a threatening behavior that
one animal uses to gain control over another
animal. Aggression is due to competition
over limited resources
What is Courtship Behavior?
behavior to prepare for
mating.
What is Group Behavior?
Group Behavior: beneficial for safety in
numbers and sharing (cooperation) in work,
food, water, shelter.
What is Circadian Rhythms?
behavior cycles that
occur over a day (e.g., awake/work daylight,
sleep night time).
What is Hibernation?
sleep/reduced activity during
winter in which the need for food has stopped.
What is Migration?
routine, seasonal journey of an animals from one place to another and back
again.
What is a organ?
different tissues but performs a specific function
What is an organ system?
group of different organs working together to perform a major (complex) function
What is homeostasis?
an organism’s internal environment is kept stable in spite of change in the external environment
What 5 functions of the skeleton?
- shape & support
- move (locomotion)
- protect organs
- produce blood cells
- store minerals
What is the vertebral column?
The Backbone
Whats a vertebrae?
A disc-like small bones separated by cartilage.
Whats joint?
where two bones come together; allows bones to move in different ways
Whats a immovable joint?
A joint that does not move.
What are ligaments?
tissue holding joints together;bone to bone
Whats a cartilage?
Cushion
Whats the movement of Hinge joints?
forward/backward; ex: knee, elbow
Whats the movement of Ball & socket joint?
free movement; ex: shoulder, hip
Whats the movement of Pivot Joint?
side to side rotation; ex: neck.
Whats the movement of Gliding joint?
sliding motion; ex: wrist, ankle.
Whats Bone Structure?
trabecular or spongy bone because it looks a bit like sponge. Bone marrow is found in the “holes” of the spongy bone.
What is an involuntary Muscles?
not under conscious
control.
What is an voluntary Muscle?
under conscious
control.
What are striated muscles?
Muscles with lines.
What are Nonstriated Muscles?
Muscles with no lines.
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
Skeleton Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth muscle
What are skeleton muscles?
attached to and moves
bones of the skeleton
What are cardiac muscle?
makes up the thick middle layer of the heart.
What are smooth muscles?
an involuntary, non-striated muscle.
Whats an tendon?
attached muscle to bone
Do muscles work in pairs?
Yes.
what are sweat glands?
produce perspiration
What are oil glands?
Waterproof hair and keeps skin moist.
What are hair follicles?
Site of hair growth.
What is absorbtion?
nutrient molecules pass through wall of
small intestine into bloodstream
Whats digestion?
breakdown food into nutrient
molecules.
What does the mouth do?
digestion begins; saliva contains
water, DNA, enzymes (which breaks down
starches). Teeth physically breaks down food.
What are the teeth types?
incisors: cut into pieces
canines: tear, slash into pieces
molars: crush and grind into powder
Whats Enzyme?
protein that speed up chemical
reactions
Whats the function of the esphoagus?
muscular tube connecting
mouth to stomach.
Whats the function of Epiglottis:?
flap (sheet) of tissue which
seals off trachea (windpipe) to lungs.
Whats the function of Peristalsis:?
involuntary muscular
contractions that push food toward
stomach and through intestines.
Whats the function of the stomach?
holds/stores food; where protein
breakdown begins:
What is the function of HCL Acid?
chemical that breaks down solid
food into paste (chyme); kills bacteria
What is mucus?
covers stomach wall which
protects stomach against ulcers (= holes in
stomach wall)
what are stomach cells?
are quickly replaced if
damaged or worn.
what is the liver function?
breaks down medicine and alcohol
(poisons, toxins)
removes nitrogen
produces bile
What is bile?
breaks down medicine and alcohol
(poisons, toxins)
removes nitrogen
produces bile
What the function of the pancreaus?
produces enzymes which
enter small intestine and chemically breaks down
fats, proteins and complex carbohydrates (starch).
What is the large intestine?
contains good bacteria that produces Vitamin K
(clots blood)
What is the rectum?
stores undigested solid waste
What is the Anus?
muscular opening at end of rectum
What is digestive juice?
HCL acid and pepsin
(enzyme).
What is pepsin?
enzyme that breaks down protein.
What is Chyme?
solid food is broken down into thick
liquid paste
Whats the function of the small intestine?
break down food, absorb nutrients needed for the body, and get rid of the unnecessary components.
