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Physical Science 10th > Science Final > Flashcards

Science Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What causes the glow of a neon light?

A

The electrons moving from a higher to lower energy level

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2
Q

If an unknown substance CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances, it is probably an ______.

A

Element

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3
Q

What did JJ Thomson’s experiments provided evidence for?

A

That an atom contains negativity charged particles

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4
Q

Which sublimation particle has a negative charge?

A

Electron

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5
Q

The Temp. and volume in a closed container of gas remain constant. If the number of particles of gas increased, what will happen to the gas pressure?

A

It will increase

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6
Q

The phase change that is the reverse of condensation is _________.

A

Vaporization

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7
Q

Define malleable, and give a example of things that are malleable.

A

Able to hammer or press permanently out of a shape without cracking (Gold, silver, and aluminum)

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8
Q

What does Boyles law states

A

The volume of gas

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9
Q

You are about to open a container of soy milk but notice that there are instructions to “Shake well before serving” The soy milk is likely a ____.

A

Suspension

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10
Q

Flammibility is a materials ability to burn in the presence of what?

A

Oxygen

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11
Q

Matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape is a _____.

A

Liquid

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12
Q

If the volume of a cylinder is reduced from 4.0 to 2.0 the pressure of the gas goes from 100K to ___K.

A

200

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of a mixture?

A

Varying roperties

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14
Q

AQ substance has a melting point of 0C and a boiling point of 100C. The substance is most likely what?

A

Water

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15
Q

How can you tell if a physical change in a sample occurs?

A

Texture, color, temp., shape

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16
Q

How can you tell if a chemical change in a sample has occured?

A

Odder, precipitate, bubble formation, color, temp.

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17
Q

Which of the group one elements is most reactive most to least.

A

Francium, Cesium, Rubidium, sodium, lithium, hydrogen.

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18
Q

If you move a container from one container to another and its volume changes, the substance is a ____.

A

Gas

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19
Q

How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?

A

Mass-Atomic number

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20
Q

List the halogens from most reactive to least reactive

A

Florine, chlorine, bromine, iodine

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21
Q

Give me some examples of a heterogeneous mixture

A

A jar of mixed nuts, fruit salad

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22
Q

in Niels Bohrs model of the atom, how do electrons move

A

In a pattern similar to planets orbiting the sun

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23
Q

Comparing the Valence electrons, what is the difference between group 1 elements and group 7 elements?

A

Group 1 has 1 electron and group 7 has 7 electrons

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24
Q

What is the result of a force distributed over an area?

A

Pressure

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25
Q

What did Democritus think matter was made?

A

atoms

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26
Q

What is the difference between an atom at ground state, and an atom in an excited state?

A

The ground state is at the lowest energy level and exited state is the highest energy level

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27
Q

The phase in which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas ____.

A

Vaporization

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28
Q

Who provided evidence for the existence of a nucleus in an atom?

A

Ernest Rutherford

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29
Q

According to John Dalton’s observation how do elements combine in an compound?

A

The ratio of their masses is always the same

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30
Q

What factors affect the pressure of an enclosed gas?

A

Volume, Temperature, and amount

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31
Q

Something that is malleable and conducts electricity is most likely made of what material?

A

A metal

32
Q

Among the alkiali metals, the tendency to react with other substances does what within its group?

A

Increases from top to bottom within the group

33
Q

Collisions of helium atoms and the walls of a closed container cause ___ _____.

A

Gas Pressure

34
Q

What characteristics does a gas have?

A

They expand to fill containers and they are easily compressed

35
Q

How was Bohrs atomic model similar to Rutherfords model?

A

It showed a nucleus in the center

36
Q

What clues can you look for to identify if a chemical change has occurred

A

Production of gas, changing in color, and formation of precipitate

37
Q

Describe John Daltons model of the atom?

A

A tiny solid sphere with a predictable mass

38
Q

List the similarities of the following elements fluorine, chlorine, and iodie

A

They are all halogens

39
Q

A substance that has high reactivity easily does what?

A

React

40
Q

The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to what?

A

Valence electrons

41
Q

A substance that is made up of only one kind of atom is a ____

A

Element

42
Q

In anatomic model that includes a nucleus where is the positive charge located?

A

In the center of an atom

43
Q

the number of protons in one atom of an element is the same as that elements _____.

A

atomic number

44
Q

99% of all the matter that can be observed in the universe exists as ____.

A

Plasma

45
Q

The column on the far left of the periodic table contains what metals?

A

More reactive Metals

46
Q

Which statement accurately represents the arrangement of electrons in Bohrs atomic model (Circle one)

A
  1. electrons travel around the nucleus and fixed energy levels with energies that vary from level to level
47
Q

How is the atomic mass of an element determined?

A

Take a weighted average of the masses of the isotopes present in nature

48
Q

In a periodic table how does a set of properties repeat?

A

From row to row

49
Q

The phase change in which a substance changes from a gas directly to a solid is _____.

A

Deposition

50
Q

During what phase change does the arrangement of water molecules become more orderly?

A

Freezing

51
Q

What is the standard on which the atomic mass unit is based on?

A

carbon-12 atom

52
Q

As you move from left to right across a period, the number of valence electrons does what?

A

Increases

53
Q

What method can be used to separate parts of a liquid mixture when the entire mixture can pass through a filter?

A

Distillation

54
Q

The Greek philosopher Democritus coined what word for a tiny piece of matter that cannot be divided?

A

Atom

55
Q

Which element is found in nature only in compounds?

A

Sodium

56
Q

Why is water considered a compound?

A

Cause it has two elements H2O

57
Q

What is the law that states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvin if the pressure and the number of particles is consistent

A

Charles Law

58
Q

atoms of the most reactive elements tend to have how many Valence electrons?

A

One or seven electrons

59
Q

What can you assume has happened if and electron moves to a higher energy level?

A

The electron has gained energy

60
Q

How was the usefulness of Mendeleevs periodic table confirmed?

A

The discovery of elements with predicted properties

61
Q

What type of change occurs when water changes from a solid to a liquid?

A

melting

62
Q

From left to right across the row of the periodic table what increases by exactly one from element element

A

Atomic number

63
Q

The phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid is _____.

A

Melting

64
Q

Mixture can be classified as a solution suspension or colloid based on what

A

The size of its largest particles

65
Q

If a material contains three elements joined in a fixed proportion it is a _____.

A

Compound

66
Q

Which of the following group 7A elements is the most reactive? List for most reactive to least reactive

A

Fluoride, chlorine, bromine, iodine

67
Q

What does the electron cloud model describe?

A

The most likely location of electrons and Atom

68
Q

Mendeleev changed the non-chemical elements in a table cream to increasing what?

A

Mass

69
Q

To keep them from reacting some highly reactive elements are starting what?

A

Argon

70
Q

An alkali metal has one valence electron, while an alkaline earth metals has how many electrons?

A

Two

71
Q

What physical properties of nylon and leather make them good materials to use for shoelaces?

A

Durability and flexibility

72
Q

Figure 5–1 shows a portion of a blank periodic table identify the segments labeled A and B

A

A – Period. B- group

73
Q

How can temperature be used to recognize a phase change

A

If the temperature does not change

74
Q

What are the subatomic particles? What are their masses what charger do they have?

A

They are smaller than atoms. Protons- electrons- neutrons-

75
Q

The phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a gas or vapor without reading to liquid first is____.

A

sublimation

76
Q

Which element is found in most of the compounds in your body except water

A

Carbon

77
Q

Give examples of pure substances?

A

Water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

Physical Science 10th (6 decks)

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