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Geography > Science Final > Flashcards

Science Final Flashcards

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1
Q

On a speed time graph, a line with a negative slope indicates that the object is

A

Slowing down

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2
Q

The combination of all of the forces acting on an object is called the

A

Net force

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3
Q

If the net force acting on a stationary object is zero, the object will

A

Remain at rest

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4
Q

Give an example of unbalanced forces acting on an object

A

Tug-of-war, with one team winning

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5
Q

Give an example of balanced forces acting on an object

A

A leaf lying on the grass

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6
Q

Name 3 ways to describe the force of friction

A

Lubricant, smooth surfaces, wheels

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7
Q

The SI unit for speed is?

A

M/s

Meters per second

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8
Q

Define static friction

A

Friction between stationary objects

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9
Q

In order to keep the car from rolling downhill, the static friction must be

A

Equal to the force pulling it down

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10
Q

An object that changes position relative to a reference point is

A

In motion

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11
Q

The equation for average speed is

A

V=d/t

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12
Q

What is the difference between speed and velocity?

A

Velocity is both speed and direction

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13
Q

What is the difference between distance traveled and displacement?

A

Displacement must always indicate direction

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14
Q

Define acceleration

A

Change in velocity or speed overtime, speeding up, slowing down, direction change

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15
Q

What is negative acceleration

A

Slowing down

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16
Q

What is positive acceleration

A

Speeding up

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17
Q

The SI unit for acceleration is

A

M/s squared

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18
Q

What is centripetal acceleration, what happens

A

An object changes directions

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19
Q

The equation for average acceleration of straight line motion is

A

A= ^v/t= vf-vi/t

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20
Q

Gravitational force depends on what 2 factors

A

Mass of objects + distance between them

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21
Q

Which one, if greater, increases gravitational force

A

Mass

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22
Q

Which one, if greater, decreases gravitational force

A

Distance

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23
Q

Define Newton’s first law of motion

A

Inertia, every object maintains Constant velocity unless acted on by unbalanced force

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24
Q

Define Newton’s second law of motion

A

F=ma

The force acting on an object equals The objects mass times acceleration

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25
Q

Define newtons 3rd law of motion

A

For every action force there is an equal+ opposite reaction force

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26
Q

Do action/reaction force pairs act on the same object

A

NO

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27
Q

Define the law of conservation of momentum

A

Momentum before crash equals momentum after crash

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28
Q

Define terminal velocity

A

When gravity + air resistance equalize on an object that is falling + the object stops accelerating

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29
Q

In the absence of air resistance, does mass affect downward acceleration

A

No

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30
Q

What is the acceleration due to gravity for all objects

A

9.8 m/s squared

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31
Q

Define inertia

A

Tendency of object to keep moving

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32
Q

Does mass affect inertia

A

Yes, more mass, greater inertia

33
Q

1 Newton =

A

1 kg * m/s squared

34
Q

If a equal force is applied to two objects, with equal masses, the acceleration will be

A

The same. F=ma

35
Q

Does all matter exert A gravitational force

A

Yes

36
Q

When an object is in freefall, the only force acting on it is

A

Gravity

37
Q

Orbital motion is a combination of

A

Forward motion + free fall

38
Q

What is the difference between weight and mass

A

Weight is a force of gravity on a given mass

39
Q

How do we calculate weight on earth if given an objects mass

A

W=mg

40
Q

How does an objects weight change if it is on the moon instead of earth?

A

Weighs less but has some Mass

41
Q

Astronauts “float “ in an orbiting space ship because they are

A

In free fall

42
Q

Give an example of projectile motion

A

Darts

43
Q

Momentum=

A

Mass * velocity

44
Q

Define work

A

The transfer of energy to a body application of a force that causes the body to move in the direction of the force

45
Q

What is the formula for work

A

W=Fd

46
Q

What are the units for work

A

Joules

47
Q

Define power

A

Rate at which work is done

48
Q

What is the formula for power

A

P=w/t

49
Q

What are the units for power

A

Watts

50
Q

Define energy

A

Ability or capacity to do work

51
Q

What are the units for energy

A

Joules

52
Q

What is the formula for gravitational potential?

A

Pe=mgh (g= 9.8 m/s squared)

53
Q

Define the law of conservation of energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

54
Q

The primary source of the suns energy is

A

Nuclear fusion

55
Q

Define the law of thermodynamics

A

Total energy in any process is conserved

56
Q

Define convection

A

Transfer of energy by movements of fluids or gases with different temperatures

57
Q

Define conduction

A

Transfer of energy as heat caused by the collision of molecules

58
Q

Define radiation

A

How it differs from convection+conduction does not involve the movement of matter

59
Q

Temperature is a measure of

A

Average kinetic energy

60
Q

What are the 3 most common temperature scales

A

K F C

Kelvin, Fahrenheit, Celsius

61
Q

The Temperature at which all molecular motion stops is

A

Absolute zero

62
Q

Define heat

A

Energy transferred between objects with different temperatures

63
Q

Define specific heat

A

How much energy is required to raise an object temperature

64
Q

Heat always moves from

A

Higher temperature to lower temperature

65
Q

When energy is transformed, the amount of usable energy

A

Decreases

66
Q

Give a example of a heat conductor

A

Iron metal

67
Q

Give a example of a heat insulator

A

Foam

68
Q

As kinetic energy increases, temperature

A

Increases

69
Q

Convection currents rise in air because

A

Hot air rises, cold air sinks

70
Q

Feeling the sensation of warmth is a result of the transfer of

A

Energy (as heat)

71
Q

Electric current that periodically reverses its direction

A

Alternating current

72
Q

What is the advantage of using a parallel circuit instead of a series circuit

A

Parallel has multiple paths for a current

73
Q

Two positive charges will —– One another. A positive and a negative charge will —— one another

A

Repel, attract

74
Q

What does it mean if a circuit is open? Closed?

A

Open, electrons cannot flow. Closed, electrons can flow

75
Q

A material which opposes the flow of electrons and slows current

A

Resister

76
Q

The rate at which charges move through an electrical conductor

A

Current

77
Q

The potential difference that essentially “pushes “electrons through a circuit

A

Voltage

78
Q

Electrons always move from

A

Negative to positive

Geography (9 decks)

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