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Science > Science Exam Term 3 2022 > Flashcards

Science Exam Term 3 2022 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

Solid, Liquid and Gas

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2
Q

True or false, all matter has mass and volume?

A

True

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3
Q

What is a fluid?

A

A fluid is something that flows, it can be liquid or gas.

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4
Q

What is diffusion?

A

It is gas particles moving around a container to take up all available space.

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5
Q

What is the meniscus?

A

A curve in the surface of a molecular substance when it touches another material. (water in beaker)

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6
Q

Describe the changes of state that occur when matter is heated or cooled

A

The particles vibrate and spread out when heated, and vibrate less and contract when cooled.

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7
Q

Do all substances have both a melting point and a boiling point where a change of state occurs?

A

Yes

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8
Q

What are the four assumptions of the particle model?

A

All substances are made of particles. The particles are attracted to each other. The particles move around. As temperature increases, the particles move more.

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9
Q

Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in solids, liquids and gases.

A

In solids, the particles are packed together very tightly and vibrating, in liquids the bonds between particles are weaker and vibrating more, and in gases, the bonds are very weak and they are vibrating the most.

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10
Q

Why do solids liquids and gases expand when heated?

A

This is because the particles vibrate more and get further apart.

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11
Q

Why are gases so easily compressed?

A

The atoms and molecules in gases are much more spread out than in solids or liquids. They vibrate and move freely at high speeds.

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12
Q

Describe the behavior of gases under pressure

A

The gases are all compressed into a singular area, which would make them all collide with the sides of the container and push outwards.

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13
Q

Describe the effect that changes in state have to the flow of energy into and out of a substance

A

When a substance is heated, it generates energy, but when it is cooled, it loses energy due to the particles not moving as fast.

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14
Q

What is the difference between accuracy and precision?

A

Accuracy- how close the value is to the target value, Precision- how close together the measurements are.

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15
Q

What is the uncertainty of a measuring stick with 1 degree increments?

A

The uncertainty of a measuring instrument is estimated as plus or minus (±) half the smallest scale division. For a thermometer with a mark at every 1.0°C, the uncertainty is ± 0.5°C.

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16
Q

What is condensation?

A

It is the process where water vapor becomes liquid

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17
Q

What is sublimation?

A

It is where a substance goes directly from gas to solid, skipping the liquid state.

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18
Q

What is an element?

A

A chemical element is a substance that cannot be further broken down by any chemical reaction. It is one substance.

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19
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.

20
Q

What is a compound?

A

It is something formed by a union of different elements.

21
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A mixture is composed of one or more elements in varying composition

22
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

23
Q

What is the chemical symbol?

A

Chemical symbols are the abbreviations used in chemistry for chemical elements, functional groups and chemical compounds.

24
Q

What is the atomic mass?

A

It is the quantity of matter contained in an atom of an element. Atomic mass number = protons + neutrons.

25
Q

True or false, physical properties of compounds can be quite different from the elements of which they
are made?

A

True

26
Q

True/False, in compounds, the atoms of one element are bonded to the atoms of the other elements that
compose it (e.g. Sodium Chloride = Table Salt).

A

True

27
Q

What is the only way of elements being separated from compounds?

A

Through a chemical reaction

28
Q

Are the substances that make mixtures easy to seperate?

A

Yes

29
Q

What is a metal?

A

Any substance that has high electrical and thermal conductivity as well as by malleability, ductility, and high reflectivity of light.

30
Q

What is a non-metal?

A

They are substances that do not have metal characteristics, e.g. non-lustrous, non-sonorous, non-ductile, non-malleable and poor conductor of heat and electricity

31
Q

What is a metalloid?

A

It is a substance with properties of metals and non-metals

32
Q

What is physical property?

A

It is a property that is not a result of chemical changes.

33
Q

What is a chemical property?

A

It is a property that is to do with the changing of chemicals in a substance

34
Q

What is elasticity?

A

It is where a substance can stretch and then return to its original shape.

35
Q

What is malleability?

A

This means the capability of being shaped or extended by bending it with force.

36
Q

What is ductility?

A

Ductility is the ability to be drawn out into wire or thin thread

37
Q

What is flammability?

A

It is the ability to be easily set on fire, (or combusted)

38
Q

What is reactivity?

A

Reactivity is the ability of matter to combine chemically with other substances

39
Q

What is toxicity?

A

It is how harmful a substance can be to your health

40
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

It is a change to do with the atoms and particles of the substances being changed, a new substance is normally made

41
Q

What is a physical change?

A

It is the change in physical properties of the substance, not chemicals, (e.g. change in state)

42
Q

What is a reactant?

A

It is one of the products being combined to make a new substance?

43
Q

What is a product?

A

It is the result of combining 2 or more substances or reactants.

44
Q

What is some evidence of a chemical reaction?

A

A new substance formed, precipitate is formed, gas is released, odor detected, increase/decrease in temperature, light/flame is produced, colour change

45
Q

What is the form of a chemical equation?

A

Hydrogen + Oxygen → H²O

Science (5 decks)

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