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Science > Science Exam Term 2 2022 > Flashcards

Science Exam Term 2 2022 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of energy?

A

Energy is the capacity for doing work. It may exist in potential, kinetic, thermal, electrical, chemical, nuclear, or other forms.

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2
Q

What is the definition of potential energy?

A

Potential energy is stored energy that depends upon the relative position of various parts of a system to be released.

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3
Q

What is the definition of kinetic energy?

A

Kinetic energy is energy in which a something has by being in motion.

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4
Q

What is the definition of joules?

A

A unit used to measure the amount of energy contained in an object.

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5
Q

What are some types of potential energy?

A

Elastic, Gravitational, Chemical, Electrical, and Nuclear

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6
Q

What is the definition of gravitational potential energy?

A

The potential energy something has to fall in relation to its height above earth’s surface. e.g. a car parked at top of hill

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7
Q

What is the definition of chemical potential energy?

A

Chemical potential is a measure of the capability of a substance to cause a chemical reaction with something else. e.g. petrol in a car

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8
Q

What is the definition of nuclear potential energy?

A

Nuclear potential energy is the potential energy of the particles such as protons and neutrons that are present inside the nucleus of an atom. e.g binary fission

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9
Q

What is the definition of elastic potential energy?

A

Elastic potential energy is energy stored as a result of applying a force to deform an elastic object. e.g. stretching a rubber band

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10
Q

What is the gravitational potential energy formula?

A

This formula is: GPE = mgh (gravitational potential energy = mass x gravitational field x height)

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11
Q

What is the kinetic energy formula?

A

This formula is: KE = 1/2 m (v) to power of 2 (kinetic energy = half of mass x velocity to the power of two)

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12
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy can’t be created nor destroyed. e.g. when you roll a ball along the floor and it hits a wall, the energy is transformed, not created.

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13
Q

What is an example of a transformation from potential energy to another form of energy?

A

To heat a home, the furnace burns fuel, whose chemical potential energy is converted into thermal energy, which is then transferred to the home’s air to raise its temperature.

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14
Q

What is an example of a transformation from kinetic energy to another form of energy?

A

In a hydroelectric dam when it transforms the kinetic energy of water into electrical energy.

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15
Q

True or False, heat energy is always produced as a by-product of any energy transfer?

A

True

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16
Q

What is the difference between useful and non-useful energy?

A

Useful energy is the energy that is wanted to come from an object, non-useful energy is the energy that is transformed to another type that is not wanted.

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17
Q

What is the definition of energy efficiency?

A

It is the use of less energy to perform the same task or produce the same result.

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18
Q

How can energy efficiency reduce energy consumption?

A

Because it eliminates more of the wasted energy that is not needed.

19
Q

How can you improve energy efficiency in motor vehicles?

A

Schedule regular services and use an electric car.

20
Q

What is the energy efficiency formula?

A

This formula is: energy efficiency = useful energy ÷ energy input × 100

21
Q

What is the difference between accuracy and precision?

A

Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true or accepted value. Precision refers to how close measurements of the same item are to each other.

22
Q

True or False, heat energy always flows from a hotter substance to a cooler one?

A

True

23
Q

What is the definition of conduction?

A

Conduction is the process by which heat energy is transmitted through collisions between neighboring atoms or molecules in solids.

24
Q

What is the definition of convection?

A

Convection is the transfer of thermal energy through the movement of a liquid or gas where the warmer parts move up and the cooler parts move down in convection currents.

25
Q

What is the definition of radiation?

A

Energy released in the form of particle or electromagnetic waves.

26
Q

How is heat transferred through solids?

A

Heat is transferred through solids by conduction.

27
Q

How is heat transferred through liquids?

A

Heat is transferred through liquids through convection.

28
Q

How is heat transferred through gases?

A

Heat is transferred through gases through convection.

29
Q

How is heat transferred through vacuums?

A

This is through radiation, since there is no material to be fueled by.

30
Q

What is a vacuum?

A

A vacuum is like space, there is no air particles or material to bounce off.

31
Q

What are some ways to reduce the unwanted transfer of heat leading to the amount of energy needed for heating and cooling of your home?

A

Wall insulation, Floor insulation, Roof insulation, Windows and doors, Insulating tanks and pipes

32
Q

True or False, heat, light and sound can be both transmitted, reflected and absorbed?

A

True

33
Q

What is the definition of luminous?

A

Something that emits light on its own.

34
Q

What is the definition of non-luminous?

A

Something that does not emit light on its own.

35
Q

What is the definition of incandescent?

A

Something that emits light due to it being heated.

36
Q

What is the definition of bioluminescent?

A

The emission of light from organisms, e.g. fireflies, glow worms, deep sea fish

37
Q

What is the definition of the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

It is the range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends.

38
Q

What is the definition of frequency?

A

It is the number of sound waves that are being produced per second. (measured in hertz)

39
Q

What is the definition of wavelength?

A

The distance between a point on one wave and the same point on the next wave.

40
Q

What is the definition of amplitude?

A

The maximum disturbance of vibration from its undisturbed position.

41
Q

What is the definition of pitch?

A

The pitch is how high or low the sound is, another name for frequency (measured in hertz)

42
Q

What is the definition of loudness?

A

The attribute of sound that determines the intensity of sound produced.

43
Q

How does sound arise?

A

Sound arises by air particles being vibrated in the air.

44
Q

What is the speed of light in comparison with the speed of sound?

A

Speed of Light = 300,000,000 metres per second, Speed of Sound = 340 metres per second

Science (5 decks)

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