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Science > Science Exam Review > Flashcards

Science Exam Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is science?

A

science is the study of the natural world and aims to find the “truth” (explanations).

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2
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

the scientific method is a series of steps used during a lab for experimentation

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3
Q

Why is the scientific method important?

A

the scientific method is used to organize and solve a problem/question that is desired to be answered and used to explore observations.

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4
Q

What are the instruments you would use to measure length, mass and liquid volume?

A

length - ruler
mass - balance
volume - graduated cylinder

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5
Q

What are the base units, in the metric system for length, mass and liquid volume?

A

length - meter (m)
mass - gram (g)
volume - litre (L)

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6
Q

What is the difference between precision and accuracy?

A

precision refers to how close a set of measurements are to one another, regardless whether they are correct
ANALOGY: an archer shooting arrows at a target
accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity

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7
Q

Draw a metric conversion scale including all prefixes and base units.

A 
Giga	G   (1000)
    Mega    M   (1000)
	Kilo     k   (10)
	    Hecto   h   (10)
	         Deca    da   (10)
    Base Unit
Deci     d   (10)
    Centi    c   (10)
	 Milli     m   (10)
	     Micro    μ   (1000)
		 Nano    n   (1000)
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8
Q

Are normal glasses an acceptable substitute for safety goggles? Explain.

A

normal glasses are not an acceptable substitute for safety goggles due to the following reasons:
1. glasses have open spaces which is a risk for
substances to splash into your eyes. safety goggles
are tightly sealed around the eyes to prevent this
2. safety goggles are designed to protect your eyes
and are made with thicker lenses

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9
Q

Use the particle theory to explain why tire pressure might decrease in the winter.

A

the pressure in the tire might decrease in the winter because the colder the particles get, the slower they move and the less energy they have. the particles begin to contract making the tire “deflate” or seem “less full”

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10
Q

What three 3) tests can you perform to determine if an unknown gas is oxygen gas, hydrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas?

A

Glowing splint test - If it is oxygen, the glowing splint with light into a flame in test tube.
Flaming splint test - If it is hydrogen gas, the flaming splint will create a “pop” in test tube.
Lime water test (Ca(OH)2) - If carbon dioxide is present, limewater turns a cloudy white colour and you get a precipitate = CaCO3

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11
Q

What is a group on the periodic table?

A

vertical columns on the periodic table. each element in a group has similar properties (# of valence electrons) there are a total of 18 groups

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12
Q

What is a period on the periodic table?

A

individual (horizontal) rows, and each element in a period have similar properties. there are 7 periods. period # = # of shells

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13
Q

List the Families of the periodic table and provide common characteristics of each.

A

Alkali Metals- Reacts with air and water, and the most reactive of all metals (highly reactive). Hydrogen is not a metal but it is highly reactive. Slivery, shiny and soft.
Alkaline Earth Metals- Not as reactive as alkali metals but still reacts with air and water. Silvery, shiny and not as soft.
Halogens- Very reactive non-metals.
Noble Gases- These elements are all gases, and are non-reactive (referred to being stable or inert). Odourless, colourless, tasteless and non-toxic except Radon.
Transition Metals- The least reactive of all the metals. Hard, high melting and boiling points, highly conductive and malleable.
Lanthanide Series- Rare Earth metals and relatively lighter than the other metals. Silvery in colour, soft, and reactive with cold and hot water.
Actinide Series- Same as Lanthanide series.

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14
Q

List 4 properties of metals. Where are they located on the periodic table?

A

LOCATION - left of zigzag

  1. malleable
  2. good conductors
  3. lustrous
  4. ductile
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15
Q

List 4 properties of nonmetals. Where are they located on the periodic table?

A

LOCATION - right of zigzag

  1. hard
  2. brittle
  3. gases and solids (except bromine)
  4. poor conductors
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16
Q

List 4 properties of metalloids. Where are they located on the periodic table?

A

LOCATION - right of the zigzag (nearest to it)

  1. solids at room temperature
  2. not ductile
  3. brittle
  4. semi-conductive
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17
Q

How is static electricity formed?

A

when 2 different materials are rubbed together and they become charged (charging by friction)

  1. rubbing a balloon on head
  2. clothes in a dryer
  3. petting a dog
  4. running comb through hair
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18
Q

Describe in terms of protons and electrons: neutral objects, negative objects, positive objects

A

neutral - protons = electrons
negative - protons < electrons
positive - protons > electrons

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19
Q

Purpose of the 3rd prong on a plug

A

the third prong is a ground connector that allows electricity to leave the building and travel to the ground. prevents short circuits and other faults

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20
Q

Difference between static and current electricity?

A

STATIC ELECTRICITY is an imbalance of electric charges and is caused (built) by rubbing 2 different materials together. does not run through a wire or circuit
CURRENT ELECTRICITY is the flow of electrons through a circuit. when electrons move from a negative terminal to a positive terminal

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21
Q

Difference between a complete and an incomplete circuit?

A

if electrons are continually moving in a closed path, the circuit is COMPLETE
if electrons are stopped at a point, the circuit is INCOMPLETE

22
Q

hydro - renewable

A

PROS
does not pollute air or water
endless supply
CONS
dams change the way water flows in a certain area
migration of fish is often disrupted and large areas of land might flood
not always suitable locations available

23
Q

tidal - renewable

A

PROS
produces no pollution
can be used multiple times
CONS
tidal generation stations can be only be built near coastlines that experience significant changes in tides
can only operate when tides come in or out

24
Q

fossil fuels - non- renewable

A

PROS
easy and inexpensive to mine
produces significant amounts of energy
CONS
fossil fuels can take millions of years to form
burning results in air pollution, smog and acid precipitation

25
Q

nuclear - non- renewable

A

PROS
low greenhouse gas emissions
no direct air pollution
CONS
aquatic life and lake ecosystems are affected due to thermal pollution produced
causes large amounts of radioactive waste
- serious environmental and health consequences

26
Q

biomass - renewable

A

PROS
reduces greenhouse gas emissions and dependency on fossil fuels
Turning leftover biomass into fuel is good recycling
CONS
might not be enough to supply the ever-increasing demand for energy
reducing the amount of land available to grow food

27
Q

geothermal - renewable

A 
PROS
no pollution
does not contribute to climate change
CONS
can be challenging to obtain
generating stations must be built in places where the temperature deep in the ground is enough to produce steam
28
Q

wind - renewable

A

PROS
The installation and maintenance costs for a wind turbine are significantly cheaper than generating stations that use fossil fuels or uranium
wind turbines can be added to or removed from the grub easily
CONS
noisy
dangerous to birds

29
Q

solar - renewable

A

PROS
can operate independently off the power grid or be connected to it
maintenance - free
CONS
some pollution is produced in the manufacture of solar panels and in the disposal of broken solar panels
are only 30% efficient at converting sunlight into electricity
expensive

30
Q

The most used type of electricity used in Canada

A

Hydroelectricity

31
Q

why are there inverted pyramids

A

community contains a few producers with a very large biomass that support a larger amount of smaller consumers (can also be found in an ecosystem containing parasites)

32
Q

nitrogen cycle steps

A
  1. fixation by lightning (nitrifying N2-NO3)
  2. plants and animals decompose to ammonia
  3. nitrate NO2
  4. denitrifying bacteria - N2
  5. animals consume NO2
33
Q

oxidizer

A

produces oxygen and therefore can support combustion (oxygen tank, nitric acid)

34
Q

corrosive

A

can cause serious skin and eye damage

corrosive to metals (oven cleaners, bleach)

35
Q

aquatic toxin

A

can cause damage to the aquatic environment (paint, zinc)

36
Q

biohazard

A

can cause disease in animal and people

often has come in contact with other living things or come from them (used syringes, blood samples)

37
Q

dangerously reactive materials

A

unstable and can undergo extremely hazardous and uncontrolled reactions (Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide)

38
Q

poisonous

A

can be fatal or toxic, oral, skin or inhalation hazard

toxic with short exposure to small amounts usually has immediate effects (pesticides, cyanide)

39
Q

beaker

A

used as a container

may be heated

40
Q

Erlenmeyer flask

A

to hold and heat chemicals mainly used for stirring

41
Q

spot plate

A

to conduct small reactions

42
Q

funnel

A

used for pouring liquids into a small container

may be used with filter paper

43
Q

rubber stoppers

A

to cover test tubes and flasks

44
Q

wire gauze

A

to spread the heat of a flame

45
Q

a crucible

A

to heat substances at a very high temperature

46
Q

clay triangle

A

to support a crucible or evaporating dish while being heated

47
Q

test tube brush

A

to scrub test tubed, flask and beakers

48
Q

bunsen burner

A

to heat a substance using a flame

49
Q

test tube

A

to hold and mix chemicals

may be heated

50
Q

graduated cylinder

A

to measure the volume of a liquid

Science (13 decks)

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