Matter and Particle Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

matter

A

is defined as anything that has MASS and VOLUME

energy, heat and time are not considered matter

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2
Q

volume

A

the amount of space an object takes up

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3
Q

mass

A

the amount of matter (stuff) an object has

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4
Q

weight

A

the amount of force acting on a substance

is dependent on the force of gravity

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5
Q

particle theory

A
  1. all matter is made up of extremely tiny particles
  2. each pure substance has its own kind of particle, different from the particles of other substances
  3. particles attract each other
  4. particles are always moving, they have energy
  5. particles at higher temperature move faster than particles at a lower temperature
    the faster it moves attraction forces decrease
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6
Q

condensation

A

the act or process pf reducing gas or a vapour into a liquid

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7
Q

vaporization

A

rapid increase of water into a steam or a vapour

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8
Q

evaporation

A

conversion of liquid to gas by adding heat

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9
Q

sublimation

A

transition from a gas to solid or a solid to gas with no intermediate liquid stage

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10
Q

physical properties

A

describes the general appearance of a substance

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11
Q

chemical properties

A

describes how a substance may behave when it comes in contact with other substances

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12
Q

qualitative properties

A

are properties that can be described using the senses

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13
Q

quantitative properties

A

are properties that can be measures (they include numerical value)

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14
Q

physical changes

A
  • change in which NO NEW SUBSTANCE is produced
  • only state or form is changed
  • atoms and molecules do not change
  • usually reversible
    1. all changes of state (i.e., melting, condensation etc.)
    2. dissolving
    3. cutting, tearing or crushing a substance
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15
Q

chemical changes

A
  • change in which a NEW SUBSTANCE is produced
  • atoms and molecules change
  • usually irreversible (difficult to return to original state)
    1. burning/combustion
    2. corrosion
    3. cooking
    4. rotting
    5. reaction with acid
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16
Q

pure substance

A

only one type of atom or molecule
ELEMENT
COMPOUND

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17
Q

mixture

A
contains 2 or more substances mixed together
HETEROGENEOUS - different parts
1. mechanical mixture
2. suspension
3. colloid

HOMOGENEOUS - all looks the same

18
Q

homogeneous

A

a solution that lookes like one phase
(salt in water)
SOLUTE - gets dissolves
SOLVENT - does the dissolving

19
Q

heterogeneous

A

more than one phase can be seen

salt and pepper

20
Q

mechanical mixture

A

2 or more phases are visible

sand in water, oil in water

21
Q

suspension

A

looks like a “one phased mixture”, but overtime, solid particles will settle out
(ketchup, anything that has to be shaken or stirred before use)

we can force a suspension to stay mixed by adding an emulsifier:
an emulsion is a mixture that over time does not separate or settle out
(mayonnaise = emulsion)
(egg yolk = emulsifier)

22
Q

colloid

A
looks like a "one phased mixture" but suspended particles do not settle
(whipped cream - gas in a liquid)
(smoke - solid in a gas)
(marshmallows - gas in solid)
(milk - liquid fat in liquid)

how to distinguish from homogeneous mixture?
if light or laser is shone through the particles, the light will reflect off the particles and is scattered

23
Q

atom

A

a single building block of matter

24
Q

molecule

A

2 or more atoms liked or joined together

25
Q

element

A

made up of only 1 type of atom (atoms are all the same)

26
Q

compound

A

made up of different types of atoms

27
Q

changes of state that requires removal of heat

A

solidifying, condensation, sublimation

28
Q

changes of state that require the addition of heat

A

melting, evaporation, sublimation

29
Q

difference between boiling and evaporating

A

BOILING
adding heat and at a particular point the liquid will turn into a gas

EVAPORATION
can evaporate at ant temperature

30
Q

G. R. A. S. S

A

Given - what information is given (M=50g V=5 cm3)
Required - what are you looking for? (density)
Application - formula (D=M/V)
Solution - plug in (D=50g/5 cm3
D=10g/cm3)
Statement - rewording your answer (therefore the density is equal to 10g/cm3)

31
Q

qualitative physical properties

A
state (stop)
colour (choosing)
odour (other)
taste (turtles)
clarity (clearly)
luster (loving)
texture (the)
brittleness (book)
malleability (monsters)
ductility (don't *have*)
viscosity (vacations)
form (for)
solubility (salsa)
conductivity (chips)
32
Q

clarity

A

the ability for light to pass through it
transparent (clear)
translucent (cloudy)
opaque (cannot see through)

33
Q

luster

A

the ability of am object to reflect light
lustrous (shiny)
non-lustrous (dull)

34
Q

brittleness

A

the ability of an object to break apart or shatter easily
brittle (breaks easily)
not brittle

35
Q

malleability

A

the ability of a METAL to be hammered into a sheet or bent into different shapes
malleable (bends easily)
non-malleable

36
Q

ductility

A

the ability of a METAL to be drawn out into long, thin wires

37
Q

form

A

crystalline (has a regular shape)
amorphous (has an irregular shape)
powdery

38
Q

solubility

A

soluble (dissolves)

insoluble

39
Q

conductivity

A

the ability of a substance to conduct electricity
conductor (does conduct electricity)
insulator (does not conduct electricity)

40
Q

quantitative physical properties

A
melting point
boiling point
mass
volume
density
41
Q

density

A

density is a quality that measures mass per unit volume

g/mL, g/cm3 and Kg/m3

42
Q

what effect does shape have on density?

A

there is no effect
Density is an intensive property. This means that regardless of the object’s shape, size, or quantity, the density of that substance will always be the same. Even if you cut the object into a million pieces, they would still each have the same density.