Matter and Particle Theory

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

is defined as anything that has MASS and VOLUME

energy, heat and time are not considered matter

Question 2

volume

Answer 2

the amount of space an object takes up

Question 3

mass

Answer 3

the amount of matter (stuff) an object has

Question 4

weight

Answer 4

the amount of force acting on a substance

is dependent on the force of gravity

Question 5

particle theory

Answer 5

1. all matter is made up of extremely tiny particles
2. each pure substance has its own kind of particle, different from the particles of other substances
3. particles attract each other
4. particles are always moving, they have energy
5. particles at higher temperature move faster than particles at a lower temperature
   the faster it moves attraction forces decrease

Question 6

condensation

Answer 6

the act or process pf reducing gas or a vapour into a liquid

Question 7

vaporization

Answer 7

rapid increase of water into a steam or a vapour

Question 8

evaporation

Answer 8

conversion of liquid to gas by adding heat

Question 9

sublimation

Answer 9

transition from a gas to solid or a solid to gas with no intermediate liquid stage

Question 10

physical properties

Answer 10

describes the general appearance of a substance

Question 11

chemical properties

Answer 11

describes how a substance may behave when it comes in contact with other substances

Question 12

qualitative properties

Answer 12

are properties that can be described using the senses

Question 13

quantitative properties

Answer 13

are properties that can be measures (they include numerical value)

Question 14

physical changes

Answer 14

• change in which NO NEW SUBSTANCE is produced
• only state or form is changed
• atoms and molecules do not change
• usually reversible
  1. all changes of state (i.e., melting, condensation etc.)
  2. dissolving
  3. cutting, tearing or crushing a substance

Question 15

chemical changes

Answer 15

• change in which a NEW SUBSTANCE is produced
• atoms and molecules change
• usually irreversible (difficult to return to original state)
  1. burning/combustion
  2. corrosion
  3. cooking
  4. rotting
  5. reaction with acid

Question 16

pure substance

Answer 16

only one type of atom or molecule
ELEMENT
COMPOUND

Question 17

mixture

Answer 17

contains 2 or more substances mixed together
HETEROGENEOUS - different parts
1. mechanical mixture
2. suspension
3. colloid

HOMOGENEOUS - all looks the same

Question 18

homogeneous

Answer 18

a solution that lookes like one phase
(salt in water)
SOLUTE - gets dissolves
SOLVENT - does the dissolving

Question 19

heterogeneous

Answer 19

more than one phase can be seen

salt and pepper

Question 20

mechanical mixture

Answer 20

2 or more phases are visible

sand in water, oil in water

Question 21

suspension

Answer 21

looks like a “one phased mixture”, but overtime, solid particles will settle out
(ketchup, anything that has to be shaken or stirred before use)

we can force a suspension to stay mixed by adding an emulsifier:
an emulsion is a mixture that over time does not separate or settle out
(mayonnaise = emulsion)
(egg yolk = emulsifier)

Question 22

colloid

Answer 22

looks like a "one phased mixture" but suspended particles do not settle
(whipped cream - gas in a liquid)
(smoke - solid in a gas)
(marshmallows - gas in solid)
(milk - liquid fat in liquid)

how to distinguish from homogeneous mixture?
if light or laser is shone through the particles, the light will reflect off the particles and is scattered

Question 23

atom

Answer 23

a single building block of matter

Question 24

molecule

Answer 24

2 or more atoms liked or joined together

Question 25

element

Answer 25

made up of only 1 type of atom (atoms are all the same)

Question 26

compound

Answer 26

made up of different types of atoms

Question 27

changes of state that requires removal of heat

Answer 27

solidifying, condensation, sublimation

Question 28

changes of state that require the addition of heat

Answer 28

melting, evaporation, sublimation

Question 29

difference between boiling and evaporating

Answer 29

BOILING adding heat and at a particular point the liquid will turn into a gas EVAPORATION can evaporate at ant temperature

Question 30

G. R. A. S. S

Answer 30

Given - what information is given (M=50g V=5 cm3) Required - what are you looking for? (density) Application - formula (D=M/V) Solution - plug in (D=50g/5 cm3 D=10g/cm3) Statement - rewording your answer (therefore the density is equal to 10g/cm3)

Question 31

qualitative physical properties

Answer 31

``` state (stop) colour (choosing) odour (other) taste (turtles) clarity (clearly) luster (loving) texture (the) brittleness (book) malleability (monsters) ductility (don't *have*) viscosity (vacations) form (for) solubility (salsa) conductivity (chips) ```

Question 32

clarity

Answer 32

the ability for light to pass through it transparent (clear) translucent (cloudy) opaque (cannot see through)

Question 33

luster

Answer 33

the ability of am object to reflect light lustrous (shiny) non-lustrous (dull)

Question 34

brittleness

Answer 34

the ability of an object to break apart or shatter easily brittle (breaks easily) not brittle

Question 35

malleability

Answer 35

the ability of a METAL to be hammered into a sheet or bent into different shapes malleable (bends easily) non-malleable

Question 36

ductility

Answer 36

the ability of a METAL to be drawn out into long, thin wires

Question 37

form

Answer 37

crystalline (has a regular shape) amorphous (has an irregular shape) powdery

Question 38

solubility

Answer 38

soluble (dissolves) | insoluble

Question 39

conductivity

Answer 39

the ability of a substance to conduct electricity conductor (does conduct electricity) insulator (does not conduct electricity)

Question 40

quantitative physical properties

Answer 40

``` melting point boiling point mass volume density ```

Question 41

density

Answer 41

density is a quality that measures mass per unit volume | g/mL, g/cm3 and Kg/m3

Question 42

what effect does shape have on density?

Answer 42

there is no effect Density is an intensive property. This means that regardless of the object's shape, size, or quantity, the density of that substance will always be the same. Even if you cut the object into a million pieces, they would still each have the same density.