Science Exam Questions Flashcards
What is the charge of an atom that gains 3 electrons to fill its outer shell?
3-
What is the formula for the covalent molecule oxygen gas?
O2
What is the formula for the ionic compound sodium chloride?
NaCl
What is the formula for the ionic compound magnesium chloride?
MgCl2
What is the type of reaction when octane reacts with oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O?
Combustion Reaction
What is the greenhouse effect?
The process of the Earth’s atmosphere trapping the Sun’s heat.
What are human activities that have added to the greenhouse effect?
Activities such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels.
What is melting sea ice?
One of the main causes of rising sea levels.
What is a light-year?
The distance it takes for light to travel in one year.
What is a nebula?
The first stage in a star’s life cycle.
What is stellar parallax?
The process for measuring the distance to a star.
What is fusion?
The process of hydrogen turning into helium as a star is burning.
What is the result of sideways or horizontal movements of air due to pressure differences?
Wind
What term explains the impact of the Earth’s rotation on the direction of air or water
movement?
the Coriolis effect
What is the ocean conveyer belt?
the movement of water in the ocean
Which of Earth’s spheres describes all the water contents of Earth?
Hydrosphere
What does ‘greenhouse gas’ mean?
An atmospheric gas that absorbs solar radiation and emits it as infrared or thermal energy
Causes of climate change in the last 2000 years
industrialisation, melting of the polar ice caps, agriculture,
invention of cars and electricity generation.
Why are animals that live in the polar regions of the Earth (the Arctic or Antarctic) at great risk
due to climate change.
As the polar ice caps melt, less land will be available for animals living there. The polar regions
also experience the most extreme rises in temperature due to global warming.
Why is the equator hotter?
The equator gets more direct sunlight than anywhere else on Earth. Therefore, it absorbs more heat and is warmer.
What are rows of the periodic table called?
Periods
What does the atomic number show?
the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of that element
What is the set of 10 groups from group 3 to group 12?
Transition metals
What is the group number of Alkaline Earth elements?
Group 2
What is the group number of halogens?
Group 17
What is the group number of noble gases?
Group 18
What is the group number of alkali metals?
Group 1
the key characteristic of metals that allows them to conduct electricity in the solid state
Metals have a structure that contains free moving delocalised (outer shell) electrons.This allows for charged particles (the electrons) to move and electricity to flow.
An element with a full valence shell cannot react with other elements: true or false?
True
What is a catalyst?
a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction
Which element has this electron configuration, 2,8,2?
Magnesium
Factors that will affect the rate of a chemical reaction.
temperature, concentration, surface area, stirring, catalyst
What is required for a chemical reaction to take place with particles?
Particles must collide in the correct orientation and with sufficient energy.
What makes up nebulae clouds?
Hydrogen
Define Event Horizon
The event horizon is the boundary around a black hole at which no light or matter can escape.
