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Science Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the charge of an atom that gains 3 electrons to fill its outer shell?

A

3-

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2
Q

What is the formula for the covalent molecule oxygen gas?

A

O2

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3
Q

What is the formula for the ionic compound sodium chloride?

A

NaCl

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4
Q

What is the formula for the ionic compound magnesium chloride?

A

MgCl2

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5
Q

What is the type of reaction when octane reacts with oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O?

A

Combustion Reaction

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6
Q

What is the greenhouse effect?

A

The process of the Earth’s atmosphere trapping the Sun’s heat.

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7
Q

What are human activities that have added to the greenhouse effect?

A

Activities such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels.

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8
Q

What is melting sea ice?

A

One of the main causes of rising sea levels.

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9
Q

What is a light-year?

A

The distance it takes for light to travel in one year.

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10
Q

What is a nebula?

A

The first stage in a star’s life cycle.

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11
Q

What is stellar parallax?

A

The process for measuring the distance to a star.

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12
Q

What is fusion?

A

The process of hydrogen turning into helium as a star is burning.

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13
Q

What is the result of sideways or horizontal movements of air due to pressure differences?

A

Wind

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14
Q

What term explains the impact of the Earth’s rotation on the direction of air or water
movement?

A

the Coriolis effect

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15
Q

What is the ocean conveyer belt?

A

the movement of water in the ocean

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16
Q

Which of Earth’s spheres describes all the water contents of Earth?

A

Hydrosphere

17
Q

What does ‘greenhouse gas’ mean?

A

An atmospheric gas that absorbs solar radiation and emits it as infrared or thermal energy

18
Q

Causes of climate change in the last 2000 years

A

industrialisation, melting of the polar ice caps, agriculture,
invention of cars and electricity generation.

19
Q

Why are animals that live in the polar regions of the Earth (the Arctic or Antarctic) at great risk
due to climate change.

A

As the polar ice caps melt, less land will be available for animals living there. The polar regions
also experience the most extreme rises in temperature due to global warming.

20
Q

Why is the equator hotter?

A

The equator gets more direct sunlight than anywhere else on Earth. Therefore, it absorbs more heat and is warmer.

21
Q

What are rows of the periodic table called?

A

Periods

22
Q

What does the atomic number show?

A

the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of that element

23
Q

What is the set of 10 groups from group 3 to group 12?

A

Transition metals

24
Q

What is the group number of Alkaline Earth elements?

A

Group 2

25
Q

What is the group number of halogens?

A

Group 17

26
Q

What is the group number of noble gases?

A

Group 18

27
Q

What is the group number of alkali metals?

A

Group 1

28
Q

the key characteristic of metals that allows them to conduct electricity in the solid state

A

Metals have a structure that contains free moving delocalised (outer shell) electrons.This allows for charged particles (the electrons) to move and electricity to flow.

29
Q

An element with a full valence shell cannot react with other elements: true or false?

A

True

30
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction

31
Q

Which element has this electron configuration, 2,8,2?

A

Magnesium

32
Q

Factors that will affect the rate of a chemical reaction.

A

temperature, concentration, surface area, stirring, catalyst

33
Q

What is required for a chemical reaction to take place with particles?

A

Particles must collide in the correct orientation and with sufficient energy.

34
Q

What makes up nebulae clouds?

A

Hydrogen

35
Q

Define Event Horizon

A

The event horizon is the boundary around a black hole at which no light or matter can escape.

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