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Science Exam Flashcards

1
Q

An atom that is charged because it has an unequal number of electrons and protons

A

Ion

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2
Q

A positively charged ion that results from an atom losing electrons

A

Cation

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3
Q

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons

A

Anion

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4
Q

A bond between a negatively charged anion and a positively charged cation, between a metal and a non metal

A

Ionic Bond

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5
Q

A bond formed when two or more atoms share electrons

A

Covalent Bond

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6
Q

Atoms prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell

A

Octet rule

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7
Q

An ion that is charged that has two or more atoms that are bonded

A

Polyatomic Ion

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8
Q

An electron in a molecule that can easily move between atoms

A

Delocalised Electron

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9
Q

A metal loses electrons, metal atoms are kept together

A

Metallic Bond

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10
Q

A + B -> AB

A

Synthesis Reaction

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11
Q

AB->A+B

A

Decomposition Reaction

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12
Q

CxHy + O2 -> CO2 + H2O

A

Combustion Reaction (Formula)

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13
Q

A + BC -> AC + B

A

Single Displacement

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14
Q

AB + CD –> AD + CB

A

Double Displacement

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15
Q

A solid, insoluble compound formed in a precipitation reaction

A

Precipitate

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16
Q

A reaction used to produce solid products from solutions of ionic substances

A

Precipitation reaction

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17
Q

An ion that doesn’t take part in a chemical reaction

A

Spectator Ion

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18
Q

A substance containing a hydrogen that has the ability to donate a proton

A

Acid

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19
Q

A substance that has the ability to accept a hydrogen proton

A

Base

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20
Q

A base that dissolves in water

A

Alkali

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21
Q

A solution that consists of a base dissolved in water

A

Alkaline Solution

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22
Q

a substance that changes colour in the presence of an acid or a base

A

Indicator

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23
Q

When molecules react with oxygen, forming a metal oxide

A

Oxidation

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24
Q

Non-metals and oxygen produce large amounts of energy in the form of heat and light

A

Combustion (meaning)

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25
Q

A molecule that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms

A

Hydrocarbon

26
Q

A long chain molecule formed by the joining of many smaller repeating molecules (monomers)

A

Polymer

27
Q

A small molecule from which polymers are made

A

Monomer

28
Q

Long single chains of polymers

A

Linear Polymer

29
Q

Long chains of polymers occasionally linked together like a ladder

A

Elastomer

30
Q

A reaction in water. Water is used to break down chemical bonds.

A

Hydrolysis Reaction

31
Q

How fast or slowly a reaction proceeds (e.g rust is a slow reaction, photosynthesis is a fast reaction)

A

Reaction Rate

32
Q

The energy an object or particle has due to it’s motion

A

Kinetic Energy

33
Q

Periodic change in the Earth’s climate (e.g. rising sea levels)

A

Climate Change

34
Q

The temperature, humidity, rainfall and wind on particular days in a particular place (e.g. 20 degrees today in Luxembourg)

A

Weather

35
Q

The weather conditions at a particular place, averaged over a long period of time, based on the collection and analysis of large data (e.g snow in the Northeast in January)

A

Climate

36
Q

Radiant electromagnetic energy from the sun (e.g. ultraviolet light)

A

Solar Radiation

37
Q

The influence of the Earth’s rotation on the direction of movement of air and water

A

Coriolis Effect

38
Q

A line on a weather map that joins places that have the same air pressure

A

Isobar

39
Q

Measure of how much salt is dissolved in water

A

Salinity

40
Q

Continuous predictible directional movement of seawater driven by wind, water density, gravity

A

Ocean Currents

41
Q

Determined by salinity and temperature, drives ocean currents

A

Density of Water

42
Q

The apparent decrease in frequency (towards the red end of the spectrum) of light from galaxies that are moving away from the Earth

A

Red Shift

43
Q

The apparent increase in frequency (towards the blue end of the spectrum) of light from galaxies that are moving towards Earth

A

Blue shift

44
Q

The apparent change in wavelength (or frequency) when the source of the waves or the observer is moving; responsible for the red shift of distant stars

A

Doppler Effect

45
Q

A reaction in which two lighter atomic nuclei fuse to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy

A

Nuclear fusion

46
Q

A change in the apparent position of a star against its background when viewed from two different positions

A

Stellar Parallax

47
Q

A cloud of gas and dust in space

A

Nebula

48
Q

In relation to Earth’s atmosphere: a state of stability, with upward forces balanced by downward forces

A

Hydrostatic Equillibrium

49
Q

A star that has become large and bright with a cool surface, because it has run out of hydrogen fuel

A

Red giant

50
Q

A glowing shell of gas formed when a star dies

A

Planetary Nebula

51
Q

A small hot star that forms when a small star (e.g. our sun) runs out of fuel and slowly fades and cools

A

White dwarf

52
Q

A remnant formed when a white dwarf star cools and gradually fades away

A

Black dwarf

53
Q

The explosive death of a star

A

Supernova

54
Q

a small highly dense star made mostly of neutrons

A

Neutron star

55
Q

Efforts that aim to reduce or prevent greenhouse gas emission

A

Climate change mitigation

56
Q

a region in space of infinite density where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it

A

Black hole

57
Q

The theory that the universe began as a hot, dense, single point at some time in the past, and since then has expanded and will continue to expand into the future

A

Big Bang Theory

58
Q

A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat

A

Exothermic reaction

59
Q

A reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat

A

Endothermic reaction

60
Q

A reaction in which an acid and a base combine to produce a metal, salt and water

A

Neutralisation

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