science exam (bio)

Question 1

what is biology

Answer 1

the science that seeks to understand, explain, and control the living world

Question 2

ecology

Answer 2

the study of relationships between living and non-living things

Question 3

biotic factors. examples?

Answer 3

A living organism. Ex. plants, animals, humans, etc

Question 4

abiotic factors. examples?

Answer 4

A non-living organism. Ex. sun, air, sky

Question 5

ecosystem

Answer 5

a complex, self-regulating system in which living things interact with each other and with non-living things

Question 6

speices

Answer 6

group of similar organisms/animals

Question 7

niche

Answer 7

all interactions of a given species with its ecosystem

Question 8

community

Answer 8

populations of different species that interact in an area

Question 9

population

Answer 9

group of members of the same species that live in an area

Question 10

habitat

Answer 10

place where an organism lives

Question 11

biome

Answer 11

large geographic region that contains similar ecosystems

Question 12

biosphere

Answer 12

the part of the planet where life exists

Question 13

atmosphere

Answer 13

layers of gases that surround the earth
contains water, carbon dioxide, and upper mantle

Question 14

lithosphere

Answer 14

earth’s solid, outer layer
includes the hard crust and upper mantle

Question 15

hydrosphere

Answer 15

all water on earth
97% of this water is salt water

Question 16

biodiversity

Answer 16

of different types of organisms in an area

Question 17

producer

Answer 17

organisms that carry out photosynthesis

Question 18

consumer

Answer 18

organisms that eat other organisms to obtain energy because they cannot produce their own food

Question 19

primary consumer

Answer 19

eats producers

Question 20

secondary consumer

Answer 20

eats primary consumers

Question 21

tertiary consumers

Answer 21

eats secondary consumers

Question 22

decomposers

Answer 22

breaks down orgaic matter and relaes nutrients back into the ecosystem

Question 23

detritivores

Answer 23

animals that eat dead organisms

Question 24

components of a food chain

Answer 24

level 1 soil
level 2 photosynthesis
level 3 herbivores
level 4 carnivores
level 5 top carnivores

Question 25

tropic levels

Answer 25

1 producer
2 primary consumer
3 secondary consumer
4 tertiary consumer

Question 26

energy flow

Answer 26

60% is waste
30% used in body processes
each level only recevies 10% of energy from the previous level

Question 27

nutrient flow

Answer 27

nutrients cycled through ecosystems

Question 28

Photosynthesis equation

Answer 28

CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2.

Question 29

Symbiosis

Answer 29

the living together in close of association of 2 different kinds of organisms

Question 30

types of symbiosis (mutualism, communism, and parasitism

Answer 30

Mutualism: when both species benefit from the relationship
Commensalism: when only one species benefits from the relationship with no harm or benefit to the other species
Parasitism: when one species benefits and the other does not

Question 31

equilibrium

Answer 31

the # of births = # of deaths so the number of individuals in a population stay the same

Question 32

carryin capacity

Answer 32

the maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can support

Question 33

limiting factors

Answer 33

environmental factor that can prevent an increase in the number of organisms in a population

Question 34

what do ecosystems provide humans with

Answer 34

Supply food, fuel, natural resources, and water
Cycle nutrients and decompose wastes
Regulate climate

Question 35

extinction vs endangered

Answer 35

Extinction: the death of every member of a species
Endangered: a species that is seriously at risk of going extinct

Question 36

habitat change

Answer 36

Humans change the habitat so much that native species can no longer live there. Humans can change habitats because of agriculture, forestry, and urban development

Question 37

overexploitation

Answer 37

Overexploitation of a resource means using a resource faster than it can be. Ex. overfishing

Question 38

pollution

Answer 38

Any substance added to the environment that is harmful to organisms

Question 39

invasive species

Answer 39

Non-native species that causes harm to the ecosystem into which it has been introduced

Question 40

plastic

Answer 40

plastic does not chemically break down and stays in the environment for hundreds or thousands of years

Question 41

acid rain

Answer 41

a common type of chemical, and some are safe. Ex. orange juice

Question 42

pH scale

Answer 42

pH 1-6= acidic
pH 8-14= alkaline (basic)

Question 43

soil erosion and nutrients

Answer 43

the loss of soil when water or wind washes or blows it away

Question 44

eutrophication

Answer 44

the addition of nutrients to an aquatic ecosystem causing increased growth of plants such as algae

Question 45

bioaccumulation and biomagnification

Answer 45

Bioaccumulation: the gradual build up of substances in an organism’s body
Biomagnification: the process by which toxic substances increase in concentration as they get passed up a food chain

Question 46

in-stiu and ex-situ conservation

Answer 46

Insitu: conserves species in their natural surroundings
Ex-situ: conserves species by removing them from their natural habitat

Question 47

similarites and differences between in-stiu and ex-stiu

Answer 47

Similarities: both deal with animals habitats
Differences: in-situ helps the animals’ habitats, and ex-situ does not.

Question 48

examples of in-stiu and ex-situ

Answer 48

In-situ eg: protecting species’ habitats
Ex-situ eg: zoos, botanical gardens, sanctuaries

Question 49

ecological footprint

Answer 49

An estimate of how much land and water is needed to support your lifestyle