science exam (bio) Flashcards

1
Q

what is biology

A

the science that seeks to understand, explain, and control the living world

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2
Q

ecology

A

the study of relationships between living and non-living things

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3
Q

biotic factors. examples?

A

A living organism. Ex. plants, animals, humans, etc

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4
Q

abiotic factors. examples?

A

A non-living organism. Ex. sun, air, sky

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5
Q

ecosystem

A

a complex, self-regulating system in which living things interact with each other and with non-living things

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6
Q

speices

A

group of similar organisms/animals

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7
Q

niche

A

all interactions of a given species with its ecosystem

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8
Q

community

A

populations of different species that interact in an area

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9
Q

population

A

group of members of the same species that live in an area

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10
Q

habitat

A

place where an organism lives

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11
Q

biome

A

large geographic region that contains similar ecosystems

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12
Q

biosphere

A

the part of the planet where life exists

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13
Q

atmosphere

A

layers of gases that surround the earth
contains water, carbon dioxide, and upper mantle

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14
Q

lithosphere

A

earth’s solid, outer layer
includes the hard crust and upper mantle

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15
Q

hydrosphere

A

all water on earth
97% of this water is salt water

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16
Q

biodiversity

A

of different types of organisms in an area

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17
Q

producer

A

organisms that carry out photosynthesis

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18
Q

consumer

A

organisms that eat other organisms to obtain energy because they cannot produce their own food

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19
Q

primary consumer

A

eats producers

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20
Q

secondary consumer

A

eats primary consumers

21
Q

tertiary consumers

A

eats secondary consumers

22
Q

decomposers

A

breaks down orgaic matter and relaes nutrients back into the ecosystem

23
Q

detritivores

A

animals that eat dead organisms

24
Q

components of a food chain

A

level 1 soil
level 2 photosynthesis
level 3 herbivores
level 4 carnivores
level 5 top carnivores

25
Q

tropic levels

A

1 producer
2 primary consumer
3 secondary consumer
4 tertiary consumer

26
Q

energy flow

A

60% is waste
30% used in body processes
each level only recevies 10% of energy from the previous level

27
Q

nutrient flow

A

nutrients cycled through ecosystems

28
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2.

29
Q

Symbiosis

A

the living together in close of association of 2 different kinds of organisms

30
Q

types of symbiosis (mutualism, communism, and parasitism

A

Mutualism: when both species benefit from the relationship
Commensalism: when only one species benefits from the relationship with no harm or benefit to the other species
Parasitism: when one species benefits and the other does not

31
Q

equilibrium

A

the # of births = # of deaths so the number of individuals in a population stay the same

32
Q

carryin capacity

A

the maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can support

33
Q

limiting factors

A

environmental factor that can prevent an increase in the number of organisms in a population

34
Q

what do ecosystems provide humans with

A

Supply food, fuel, natural resources, and water
Cycle nutrients and decompose wastes
Regulate climate

35
Q

extinction vs endangered

A

Extinction: the death of every member of a species
Endangered: a species that is seriously at risk of going extinct

36
Q

habitat change

A

Humans change the habitat so much that native species can no longer live there. Humans can change habitats because of agriculture, forestry, and urban development

37
Q

overexploitation

A

Overexploitation of a resource means using a resource faster than it can be. Ex. overfishing

38
Q

pollution

A

Any substance added to the environment that is harmful to organisms

39
Q

invasive species

A

Non-native species that causes harm to the ecosystem into which it has been introduced

40
Q

plastic

A

plastic does not chemically break down and stays in the environment for hundreds or thousands of years

41
Q

acid rain

A

a common type of chemical, and some are safe. Ex. orange juice

42
Q

pH scale

A

pH 1-6= acidic
pH 8-14= alkaline (basic)

43
Q

soil erosion and nutrients

A

the loss of soil when water or wind washes or blows it away

44
Q

eutrophication

A

the addition of nutrients to an aquatic ecosystem causing increased growth of plants such as algae

45
Q

bioaccumulation and biomagnification

A

Bioaccumulation: the gradual build up of substances in an organism’s body
Biomagnification: the process by which toxic substances increase in concentration as they get passed up a food chain

46
Q

in-stiu and ex-situ conservation

A

Insitu: conserves species in their natural surroundings
Ex-situ: conserves species by removing them from their natural habitat

47
Q

similarites and differences between in-stiu and ex-stiu

A

Similarities: both deal with animals habitats
Differences: in-situ helps the animals’ habitats, and ex-situ does not.

48
Q

examples of in-stiu and ex-situ

A

In-situ eg: protecting species’ habitats
Ex-situ eg: zoos, botanical gardens, sanctuaries

49
Q

ecological footprint

A

An estimate of how much land and water is needed to support your lifestyle