Cell Quiz Flashcards
What are the characteristics of living things?
Movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, and nutrition.
What are cells?
Cells are the smallest unit that can perform the functions of life.
How many cells are our bodies made up of?
10 trillion and 100 trillion cells.
What is the Cell Theory?
- All living things are made up of one or more cells.
- The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life functions.
- All cells come from pre-existing cells.
What are prokaryotes?
Simple, single celled organisms. Their cells do not contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles, like bacteria.
What are eukaryotes?
Complex single-celled or multicellular organisms. Their cells contain a nucleus and other organelles, each surrounded by a thin membrane, like plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
What are organelles?
Cell structures that perform a specific function for the cell. They can be membrane-bound (surrounded by a membrane) or not.
What special functions do the cell’s organelles have in maintaining all the life processes of the cell?
Intake of nutrients, response to stimuli, movement, growth, exchange of gases, reproduction, and waste removal.
What are the parts of an animal cell?
Nucleus, nucleolus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum, and cytoskeleton.
What is the cell membrane (gatekeeper) and what is its function?
The cell membrane is the outer covering of the cell that forms a protective barrier around it. The cell membrane is designed to allow different substances to move through it.
What are ribosomes (assembly line workers) and what are their functions?
Ribosomes are small spherical sturctures that can be free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to ER. Their function is to make proteins.
What are the two types of ER?
Smooth and rough (with ribosomes attached).
What is the mitochondria (powerhouse of the cell) and what is its function?
Mitochondria is a bean-shaped organelle that contains many cells. It makes energy for the cell’s activities.
What is the nucleus (brain) and what is its function?
The nucleus is the control centre organelle of the cell as it controls all the activities in a cell, including growth and reproduction. The nucleus contains all of the cell’s DNA.
What is the nucleolus (factory) and what is its function?
The nucleolus (also known as “little nucleus”) is the dense structure in the nucleus. Its function is to make ribosomes.
What are golgi bodies (Fed Ex) and what are its functions?
Golgi bodies receive proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. Their function is to modify, sort, and package proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, into small vesicles for delivery to targeted destinations.
What are vesicles (mail) and what is their function?
Vesicles are single layer membranes that enclose fluids in a sac. Their purpose is to store and/or transport materials.
What is the cytoplasm (river/ground) and what are its functions?
The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles. Cytoplasm contains the nutrients required by the cell to carry on its life processes. The physical nature of the cytoplasm allows the nutrients and organelles to move within the cell.
What are lysosomes (Lysol/cleaner) and what is its function?
Lysosomes are small organelles that are filled with enzymes, where digestion takes place. They also break down invading bacteria and damaged cell organelles.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum, aka ER (conveyor belt) and what are its functions?
The endoplasmic reticulum are tubes that branch into cytoplasm and are near/around the nucleus. It transports materials throughout the cell as ribosomes are attached to the outside.
What is the chromosome/chromatin (blueprint) and what is its function?
The chromosome/chromatin contains DNA that is “loose”/unwound as it is in the nucleus.
What is the cytoskeleton?
The chromosome/chromatin contains DNA that is “loose”/unwound as it is in the nucleus.
What are centrioles?
An organelle that helps cells divide or make copies of themselves.
What are the parts of a plant cell?
Cell wall, cell membrane, plasma membrane, chloroplast, large central vacuole, ribosomes, mitochondria, nucleus, golgi apparatus, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, and peroxisomes.
What is the cell wall (cell plant) and what are its functions?
The cell wall is made of cellulose and is only found in plants. Its functions are to protect and provide support, while also giving the cell rigid shape.
What are chloroplasts (solar panels) and what are their functions?
Chloroplasts are only in plants and have their own DNA. Their functions are to absorb sunlight, so plants can make oxygen + glucose in a process called photosynthesis and chlorophyll gives leaves green colour
What is the large central vacuole (warehouse) and what are their functions?
The vacuole is a fluid-filled sac in the cytoplasm that is much larger in plant cells. Its function is to store water, food and waste, starch and other materials. It also supports the cell.
What are peroxisomes (processing plant) in the plant cell?
In plants, peroxisomes convert stored oils into molecules that can be used for energy.
What are the differences between animal and plant cells?
Unlike animal cells, plant cells have chloroplasts, cell walls, and a large central vacuole. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have centrioles.
